Coke Talk seriously nails a problem with men’s reaction to “date rape” that’s less well understood but real and highly gender-bound.
Your boyfriend is using denial as a coping mechanism. It’s easier for him to insultingly believe that it never happened than it is for him to process the truth emotionally.
Call your boyfriend out on his denial, and tell him how insulting it is for him not to believe you. Let him know that the truth does not obligate him to act on your behalf. In other words, you’re not asking him to go confront the rapist or defend your honor. All you’re asking for is understanding and respect.
Yup. The social construction of masculinity makes it paradoxically very difficult to do anything but a) go off on a manly rampage or b) go into complete denial. And part of that denial often includes what? Did you say blaming the victim? Right in one!
Clue #2: Contrary to both tradition and English Common Law, when it comes to the male partners of rape victims his honor has nothing to do with it.
Via Amanda Hess of Washington City Paper here’s a cool discussion about alcohol and consent from an organization called SAFERCampus. There’s a lot of good stuff in a single paragraph so I’m slightly reformatting it for clarity.
[T]here is so much defensiveness about alcohol and consent, as though it’s a really really complicated thing. And ya know, I think that for people who are aren’t raised to think about sex as a shared experience in which two people are actively, positively participating, it can actually seem that complicated.
But the reality is that it doesn’t have to be. Having sex with an incapacitated person should be widely understand as rape.
Two drunk people having sex should be aware enough of the other person to have a sense of what is or isn’t consent because they’ve been raised to respect other people, and it’s second nature to them to check and make sure their partner is involved.
I understand this is reductive; that it’s real nice to think about this sexual utopia where things are simple, but perhaps not a realistic picture of how things are now so what’s the point. But I think that we overcomplicate consent; people say that defining consent is making something natural more complicated than it needs to be, but really isn’t something only complicated when it’s unclear?
Wouldn’t the actions themselves be less complicated if we had the complicated conversations beforehand?
It kills me that it’s not obvious that sex is a shared experience between active participants! For all the talk about heartfelt-edness and intimacy and ultimate-icy our actual expectations of sex are barkingly unilateral. And it doesn’t just go one way — not only does institutional thinking from the original Code of Hammurabi to, say, Details Magazine encourages men to be insecurely selfish in their expectations about heterosexual sex, institutional thinking represented by, say, Cosmopolitan Magazine encourages women to be… insecurely selfless about their expectations! No hilarity ensues.
Once you get it that that’s the status quo, though, a heck of a lot of other stuff about “date rape” and “gray area” rape starts to make sense. Particularly the parts about “too unconscious to say no means yes.”
Ampersand of Alas, a blog has a very cool contrast and compare post about consent as seen through the filter of nominally “mainstream” anti-feminism and nominally “edgy” BDSM. Read the original post, which I heartily endorse, to get the full eye-opening point. Read this post, though, for a quick dissection of the intentional misunderstanding common to anti-feminist descriptions of feminist principles.
Here’s Ampersand quoting a gee-I-just-don’t-get-it date-rape apology post from Cathy Young
Feminist critic Cathy Young, in the comments of her blog, wrote:
“I really can’t think of anything that would kill the moment (at least, for a lot of people) more than stopping in the middle of the mating dance for a clear and rational ‘consent’ discussion.”
In terms of the ordinary transition from neutral to lusty to actively sexual I can only think of a couple of circumstances where the kind of showstopper conversation Young frets about would ever be necessary. And since I think, speak, and write about sexual relationships all the time if I can only think of three then it’s really rarely necessary.
Before you get sexual? Sure, that’s a great time to have the conversation — it can even be an integral part of flirting. (Think of the game “I never…” only slightly more seriously.) Sometimes after sex? Sure, conversations to refine or clarify boundaries based on previous experiences together make perfect sense.
But during? While seamlessly transitioning from, say, dining and dancing, to maybe kissing in the cab or car, to standing at the door deciding whether one will ask the other in, to heavily petting on the couch, to slowly undressing each other, to slipping into something more comfortable… like a bed, couch, shower, or (heck!) even dungeon? Sorry, that’s usually pretty silly.
It’s silly first because there’s usually some lull in the action — while parking, say, or settling the bill, or while fumbling for keys at a doorstep where if a serious conversation is needed it can happen pretty naturally.
Even more importantly Young is being silly because (as Clarisse Thorn’s example makes amply clear in Ampersand’s post) you usually don’t have to have the sort of long, drawn out, and no-doubt earnest, detailed, and possibly stridently dialectical discourses Young implies when she says “clear and rational … discussion.” Instead there’s checking in. As in “May I?” or “Are you ok with this?” and “Not so fast” or “Mmm, more!” Repeated as necessary. Instead of being assumed, taken for granted, or ignored altogether.
Point being that once you get what consent is all about it really doesn’t take much to keep enthusiasm going… and if there’s not enthusiasm? Well what the fucking hell are you doing pushing ahead anyway without checking in anyway, right? If somebody’s just said “stop,” or “no,” or even just stiffened up and stopped responding then… um… yeah, you probably need to start a conversation but it’s probably going to be about more than “consent.” Sheesh!
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BTW, the three instances I can think of where stopping in the middle of a “mating dance” for a full-on negotiation of consent would be
a) When, without prior agreement, the non-initiating party appears to be playing around with “no doesn’t really mean no.“
b) When, without prior agreement, the initiating party doesn’t appear to be getting the message that no actually means no!
c) When both parties have erotic negotiation kinks such that stopping, possibly repeatedly, to discuss minutiae about what exactly will and won’t happen.
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Matthew Yglesias has a serious, legitimate beef with an NPR piece on campus rape researcher David Lisak. Yglesias says the piece (which I haven’t heard) first covers men who admit having sex with women against their will and then… maybe out of some perverse j-school “to be sure” reflex… brought up another professor, Stetson University law professor Peter Lake, who says naah, a lot of college students just drink too much, engage in risky behavior, and then regret it later.
The two concepts are not a good combination in a single piece. Says Matt, emphasis his:
It’s seems incredibly pernicious to me to be running these things together. Lisak’s question specifically posits that the victim “did not want to” have sex, but was “too intoxicated … to resist.” What Lake is talking about conjured up an imagine of a young woman with impaired judgment doing something while drunk that she later regrets. Obviously, that does happen. But it’s quite a different situation from an encounter where even the perpetrator acknowledges that the victim was unwilling.
That sounds right.
You wanna know something else about the mentality that brings us the bogus Two Rules of Desire? If you’re convinced it’s simultaneously intolerable and inconceivable for women to have sexual desire then of course you’re going to believe they’re going to claim rape ever time they have a drunken hookup.
In fact most people who have drunken hookups just say “oh well, that was dumb.” You know who tends to claim rape instead? People who were actually raped.
Just a thought.
Pluralist of Feministing Community has a really cool post up about the near side of non-consensual “gray area” sex.
What makes it a great illustration is that the sexes were reversed! (Emphasis hers.)
Since November my best friend has been having relationship problems. She is cis and het as is her boyfriend and they’ve been a committed and monogamous relationship for about 4 years now. The whole story is too long to recount, but as of a week ago they began a “break they need in order to stay together”.
Suffice it to say the first two days were hellish as I talked to one of the loves my life breaking down over the phone. But during one of the more lucid moments, she told me that – among a lot of alleged grievances – she had (unknowingly) forced her boyfriend into sex.
Apparently he had said things along the lines of “I’m too tired right now, let’s just go to sleep” and she had continued to proposition him thinking “welll, this will help you sleep better!” My immediate reaction was that there was no way she had coerced or pressured him into sex. After all, he should’ve just said “No really, I don’t want to do this right now” if she kept at it. It was his fault for not stopping the encounter.
And then I realized that had this been a woman in his place – not to mention my best friend – I would never have given this consideration. I was victim-blaming, basing my assumptions in tropes of male hypersexuality and female passivity. She didn’t handcuff him to a heater and force-feed him viagra . She’s a nice girl, she couldn’t have done that!
I talk a lot more about the paradigmatic social assumptions that women belong to the “no-sex” class — sugar, spice, everything nice, sure, but also possessing no autonomous sexual agency. Unless they’re somehow “broken,” or “damaged goods.” I don’t talk so much about the other side, the equally strong assumption that men are the sex class — obligate, reflexive, indiscriminating, and single-mindedly ready for sex. Unless, again, there’s something wrong with them. But it’s just as big a deal.
Inside the dominant paradigm it’s as unheard of for a man to say “no” as for a woman to say “yes.” Inside the paradigm, with it’s bogus Two Rules of Desire, the ratchet of initiative alway clicks in one direction.
This too has its consequences. It doesn’t just assume women never mind not having sex, it also assumes men never mind having it. One consequence would be Pluralist’s friend assuming her partner was having a momentary brain fart or something therefore his “no” couldn’t possibly really mean no. So she kept trying.
As I said up at the top this is way over on the near side of the “gray area.” A little persistence, especially in a long-term relationship where one partner’s behavior is perhaps uncharacteristic, is an unfortunate failure to recognize that no means no, but not an appalling one.
That said, whereas it’s way over this way verging into “no harm then no foul” territory, as Pluralist hinted and one commenter stated very clearly, however mild-sounding the incident
Obviously, something went wrong in this particular case if the guy is bringing it up as a grievance.
Therefore not “no harm then no foul.”
So if her failure to acknowledge or respect his decision wasn’t appalling it wasn’t benign either.
So there’s definitely still something to talk about.
In a perfectly lovely, long post on complications of our casual understanding of the term “casual sex” Lynn Gazis-Sax of Noli Irritare Leones shines a bright spotlight on what’s got to be the biggest source of wariness about it (italic emphasis mine, bold emphasis hers.)
But before I get to sex, I need to talk about not-sex, because that has a lot to do with my visceral reactions to what people call, variously, “casual sex,” “one-night stands,” “hookups,” “flings,” “no strings attached,” etc. In particular, I’m thinking of a particular kind of not-sex: the stream of not particularly welcome overtures, from people not particularly willing to care about my response, that started with the obscene phone call from an apparently adult man when I was just a kid, including the guy who tried to grab me on the street when I was still not quite legal, the shouts in the street from groups of men, the drunk at the swimming pool whose wife kept apologizing for him, etc. Because the thing about these unwelcome, uninvited, boundary pushing approaches is that, though the men making them were very much a minority among the men I met in general, they were a much larger set of the men who were approaching me for no strings sex.
Mild-reflex reservations aside (reflex says it sounds like she’s stereotyping, reflection says not) I think this is the $64,000 problem. There really are at least two types of people interested in “casual sex” and one of those two types is very different from the other one.
Fairly or unfairly, it’s very, very easy to see how involvement, even glancing involvement, with individuals from one group could make you wary about the whole approach.
Lynn really crystalized the difference.
The flip and/or “sex positive” solution is to say stuff like “well, it’s unfair to judge my intentions by the actions of of others.” This is perfectly true — thus my mention of reflex reservations, above.
It’s also, unfortunately, 100% victim-blaming.
So it occurs to me that if you enjoy the idea of casual sex then it’s your responsibility to challenge, aggressively and consistently, the actions and intentions not of the victims but of the perpetrators.
You see a guy cat-calling someone from a window? Hear a guy in a dorm, frat, office, or party talking about spiking the punch with odorless/tasteless PGA, let alone roofies? You hear someone saying “cash, grass, or ass, nobody rides for free?” You see someone with a “shut up and suck” t-shirt? You see someone not taking no for an answer whether out of cluelessness, drunkenness, eagerness, privilege, arrogance, impatience, or barely-suppressed rage at the entire class of people they’re sexually oriented towards? You hear someone running someone else down for their weight, or for their body parts, or their (real or hypothesized) sexual behaviors or proclivities, someone referencing another strictly in terms of their sexual utility instead of their humanity? You see or hear any of that you’re not just seeing the oppression of their intended victim. You’re seeing your own oppression.
By convention you don’t have to do or say anything when you see that kind of oppression. But don’t imagine it has nothing to do with you.
Jessica Valenti of Feministing says
Where is the article directed at young men in college giving the advice on how not to rape their peers? Where are the warnings to men not to drink, since in so many campus rapes, it is the perpetrator who has been drinking?
I gotta say this is the really, really, really critical part of any solution for ending sexual assault. Because a heck of a lot of the time it’s not just the victim who’s ability to make competent decisions is compromised by intoxication: chances are extraordinarily high that his or her assailant is also compromised.
That doesn’t mean, by the way, that the only solution is to curtail drinking in men. (It’s a solution, yes, but not the only one. Or the most realistic one. Or even necessarily the best.)
Without recognizing the problem and clearly preparing, warning, and otherwise setting expectations for men and their “wingman” type companions, male and female, when they drink? It’s not going to go away.
That wouldn’t be the end of it, no. Not all sexual assault or violence is drug or alcohol-related. But it would be a good first approximation of an 80/20 benefit. And any increase in awareness of drunken bogosity will bring intentional bogosity into much sharper focus.
Update: I should have done the footwork when I was composing this last night but as Heather points out in comments, below, this isn’t a brand new idea. Resources include
I’m off looking for more links about mitigating sexual assault by intoxicated assailants. If you know of any please leave them in comments.
Susie of Echidne of the Snakes, in the middle of a very cool list of “how men can have lots of sex with lots of women” (first entry: “Treat us like equals. It will make us like you better”) raises a pretty cool point related to Rule #1 of the (bogus) Two Rules of Desire
7. Don’t lie to us or get us drunk or stoned or try to trick us in some other way to have sex. Depending on what method you use, we may be able to prosecute you for rape. Even if we can’t, it makes us less likely to trust, or even like, men.
I’m suddenly sort of goggling at that bit about “don’t get us drunk or stoned.” It’s not just about being another way to commit assault, which ought to be as bad as it gets. But… there’s something in there about the assumption that your only reason women would possibly have wanting to be conscious for sex would be so you could withhold consent. Or that the only reason you’d withhold sex would be because you weren’t getting something (presumably non-sexual) in exchange. Instead of, oh, say, that maybe women would say no to sex with someone would be because they don’t think they’d enjoy the sex. Instead of, say, because they only “put out” for the kinds of material, social, marital, or “status” gains Pickup Artists and other adherents of the “no-sex” class ideology believe is women’s sole motivation for “bestowing their favors.”
As I said above, the rest of Suzie’s list is great. And taken together they add up to one more great reason even horndog heterosexual men ought to get 100% behind feminism. (Seriously, read though the list and ask yourself if an awful lot of what passes for men acting “obsessed with sex,” not to mention “naturally driven to have multiple partners” is actually men being obsessed with sex! With or without multiple partners. Because if so then the scripts we’re acculturated to aren’t terribly… effective. But I digress. Here’s that link again.
Hortense, weekend blogger at Jezebel unearths an unfortunate, but unfortunately not uncommon, conceptual error — sort of like the conceptual error that heavier objects fall faster than light ones, or that if you can’t see the teeth of a spinning sawblade they’re not there.
The University’s officials, however, don’t consider it “outright rape.”
“We would consider it date rape,” says University spokesman Richard Rojo, noting that he believes that “outright rape” only involves “a rapist jumping out of bushes and attacking people randomly.”
Yes, it makes perfect sense to imagine it’s not rape without jumping out of the bushes in sort of the way it makes sense it’s only robbery if the perpetrator wears a black mask and a Tommy gun.
You can even make some kind of case, I guess, sort of that “stranger rape” is different from “acquaintance rape” because the police response would necessarily be different if the attacker is identified vs. unidentified (e.g. for unidentified you start a man-hunt, heighten security, start riffling databases of potential perpetrators, blah, blah, blah, versus walking down to the lockerroom and taking the three named, known-to-the-victim perpetrators in for questioning, arrest, booking, trial, etc.
All you have to do is look at it from the perspective of…
...every single other person except the victim.
One imagines victims are rarely comforted by the fact that their assailant was known to them. In fact one could imagine something more like the opposite. Oh wait! Why imagine when answers are easily found?
There is no evidence the university in question, University of the Pacific, means they take acquaintance rape more seriously than “outright rape.” Which, would still be egregious hair-splitting but at least an error in their favor. Instead they appear to be making the same kind of “natural,” but devastating error that leads birds and drunks to collide with plate glass.
Bird-brained mistakes we can excuse. Drunken errors we can at least comprehend. Similar mistakes by nominally functional University administrators, though? Not so much.
In comments to a great troll beat-down by Sady of Tigerbeatdown, belmanoir quotes the troll and adds what might be the missing piece to an critically important puzzle (emphasis mine)
“Another thing, why is it always up to the guy to stay sober enough to stop the act? If I go home with a girl after drinking, and we both have sex wasted as hell, she can wake up and say that she didn’t want it. Then I go to jail. Where does that seem right at all? How about don’t get drunk enough to agree to sex with a random stranger unless you are prepared to accept the consequences? That’s how you ‘ask for it’.”
I think I love it so much because Tom is identifying the consequences of HIM getting drunk enough to agree to have sex with a random stranger as a POSSIBLE RAPE CHARGE and he doesn’t seem to want to accept that at all! By his logic, guys who have drunk sex are “asking” to be accused of rape. And I can’t help feeling like that wasn’t his point.
Because seriously, it stands to reason that if drunken women are “asking to be raped” then drunken men are “asking to be charged with rape.” The symmetry is beautiful not least because those most inclined to be… or at least to sympathize with… drunken men are going to be saying “now wait a minute, that doesn’t make sense!” To which the answer, obviously, would be exactly!
To be honest I think it actually is problematic that date rapists are pretty consistently as hammered as their victims. But it’s never been sufficient to say we should manage men’s alcohol consumption any more than it’s sufficient to claim we should manage women’s. Still you can say to men, as we evidently insist on saying to women “if you go out drinking then you’re asking for it.”
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More generally, though, I like belmanoir proposal that if drunken women1 are asking to be raped then, well, you’re asking to be charged with rape for having sex with drunken women.
What’s nice about that construction is that it works even in the Seth Rogan movie where his rent-a-cop rapes a profoundly intoxicated woman while he’s sober.
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Good informal metric: if someone’s too drunk for you to feel comfortable with them driving, they’re probably too drunk to competently either give or to discern consent.
That doesn’t mean they won’t consent when they’re hammered. It doesn’t mean they won’t attempt to discern it. It just means that, as with driving competence, they’re not going to be up for doing it competently.
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I think the biggest concern here is that it feels patronizing to make determinations about other people’s competence. But hello, car keys? Which wouldn’t be a metaphor in the first place if intoxication and competent decision-making played well together.
As for “well it was her/his decision, who was I to judge?” Doesn’t work for bartenders, and it only sometimes works for social hosts. So I’d say nope.
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Final point: yeah, you say, but you and/or your partner love tipsy sex. How do you get there if competent consent goes out the window? It’s hard to imagine anyone objecting if you and your partner(s), together, to get drunk and screw before you get drunk and screw.
[1: The discussion was framed in stereotypical gendered terms but the principle is obviously general. —fl]