A genuinely novel but possibly doomed to failure idea for reducing the spread of HIV. It’s a good idea, an inexpensive one, one that’s worth trying, and one which could have astonishingly few side effects even if it didn’t work at all.
Unfortunately for the idea to be successful societies around the world would have to hop over an awful lot of cultural assumptions, social stereotypes, and hot-button vocabulary terms. It’s a wonderful idea that’s as likely to trigger “sex positive” progressives, “sex negative” social conservatives, free thinkers and the religious. Curious yet?
Oh, and it would only take a month.
Now are you curious?
The idea depends on three things epidemiologists have known since some time in the 1980s:
So here’s the pitch as reported by Alex Duval Smith in The Guardian. Read it and see what if any cultural speed bumps bring you up short.
Leading scientists fighting the world’s worst Aids epidemic have called on African leaders to head a month-long sexual abstinence campaign, saying it would substantially reduce new infections.
Epidemiologists Alan Whiteside and Justin Parkhurst cite evidence that a newly infected person is most likely to transmit HIV in the month after being exposed to it. An abstinence campaign could cut new infections by up to 45%, they say – a huge step in countries such as South Africa, Zimbabwe, and Swaziland.
...
Whiteside’s research with Parkhurst, of the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, focused on religious groups, such as Muslims who abstain from sex during Ramadan, and Zimbabwe’s Marange Apostolic sect, which bans sex during Passover.
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Whiteside said a month-long pledge to use a condom could also be effective. “The main thing is to agree on a bounded period in which the entire population would live by the same rule,” he said.
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Whiteside insists that a month-long campaign in his country, South Africa, is realistic. “We have this idea that we are going to put everyone on treatment. That is actually pretty fanciful. A month of abstinence or condom use is far less difficult to achieve.”
Cool huh? I mean seriously cool. HIV incidence is low among people who observe Ramadan and Lent compared to, well, comparable people who don’t. Ramadan and Lent both last a month. HIV is most infectious in the first month after which it remains infectious but at a much, much, much lower rate. If you could talk everyone in a population to abstain from fluid-contact sex just for a month you’d take a huge bite out of subsequent infections.
Do that just once and you could maybe/possibly/theoretically push the infection rate below sustainability. Do it once a year for a few years and you’d certainly put it on a path towards extinction!
Oh but there are a couple of catches, aren’t there? As I said above, you’d have to be pretty dispassionate not to let some of the buzzwords put you off altogether.
Abstinence? There go a ton of progressives and libertines. For only a month? There go all the social conservatives! It’s ok to use condoms (or, further crossing the line, masturbation) instead of complete abstinence? There even more conservatives. Based on observing Ramadan and Lent? There go all the free-thinkers. And even though the study took social conservatism into account (taking it into account would be the whole point driving the conclusions) it’s hard to look past stereotypes about the social conservatism of practitioners of Lent and Ramadan. And based on Ramadan? There go all the Christians and other religious faiths. Based on Lent? There go all the Moslems and other religious faiths. Based on research in Africa? You just lost the anti-colonialists, the colonialists, the racists, the anti-racists, and so on.
But…
But…
Assuming you could get past all the (in my opinion) unnecessary “buts” it’s by far the most practical, pragmatic, low-cost, and low-risk variation of a decades-old idea I’ve seen.
I mean, what’s the worst that could happen? Literally no one has ever died from abstaining from sex for a month. Even better, nobody’s ever died from using a condom for a month instead of abstaining completely. Even better, nobody’s ever died from masturbating instead of having fluid-contact and/or barrier-method sex for a month.
If some people cheated, the way all but the very most pious often do during Lent or Ramadan, the population benefit would be reduced, sure, but there’d still be some benefit.
What I particularly like about it, though, is that the same biases that make people balk could be turned to advantage.
Pretty much worst possible outcome would be… we’d have wasted a relatively small amount of money and time, given up a relatively small amount of fluid-contact sex, and HIV rates would stay right where they are.
Call me a prudish libertine but I think it’s brilliant.
Via Tyler Cowen of Marginal Revolution.

More on diversity inside feminism, this time from üaut;ber feminist Amanda Marcotte Pandagon, who says
It’s important not to listen to Marcia Pappas about anything—-her version of feminism doesn’t resemble our Earth’s version. She, for instance, suggested that Barack Obama was basically a rapist because he campaigned against Hillary Clinton. Not an authority, but sadly, treated like one in the press, because she heads up New York NOW. And therefore, creates these awful situations where people get the mistaken impression that at least some feminists are saying X, when usually it’s just Marcia Pappas.
So yeah. There really are feminists like that.
If you think the word “that” in the previous sentence was a reference to a single individual you’re sort of missing the point.
Jessi Fischer of The Sexademic, who’s just received her masters degree in sexuality from San Francisco State University says
This blog has seen its fair share of feminist bashers, quoting Valerie Solanas and Andrea Dworkin as if they represent a synthesized doctrine of Feminism. But those fools have it all wrong. In all the gender studies and women’s studies courses I took I never once read those women.
You want classic feminist theorists? Try Mary Wollenstonecraft. Try Virginia Woolf. Try Charlotte Perkins Gilman. Try Sojourner Truth. Try Simone de Beauvoir. Fuck, how about John Stuart Mill, Frederick Douglass or Henrick Ibsen? How about our modern feminists like Betty Friedan, Gloria Steinem or Susan Faludi?
Feminism is not about man-bashing, porn-censure or making sure every woman works outside the home.
Feminism is about choice.
And because we are individuals with vastly differing opinions, feminist theorists contradict each other and argue with each other. There is no unifying feminist doctrine except choice.
That sounds about right. There are a lot of ideas about what feminism is all about. And even more ideas about how best to express feminism. And yeah, some of them can be as bitterly and sometimes even violently in conflict as any other broad social and political philosophies as broad as Christology to as (seemingly) obscure as taxonomy.
The other major element in her post is a pean to condoms, which she introduces with…
I know what you’re thinking. Condoms? Yes. My contraceptive method of choice allowed me to take control of reproduction and, consequently, my life.
I try to imagine worlds where sex with a man often leads to pregnancy. Or worlds without protection against STIs. The freedom to learn and develop my mind could be hindered by childrearing or health complications.
If you had a very narrow or, particularly, a very conservative notion of feminism (where “conservative” refers both to the right-wing conservatism of, say, Nikki Haley or the separatist conservatism of Mary Daly) you’d might raise an eyebrow, at least, at the idea of sex with men, let alone sex with men using the iconically “male” condom as contraception. Eh. Maybe so. Some schools of feminism really do balk at the idea of contraception (Haley) or men (Daly) let alone using contraception while having sex with men. But just as it would be a mistake to confuse their thin-ice edges with the more-literally-central ideas it would be an even bigger one to pick either one of those arguably doctrinally choice-limiting extreme cases and decide it represented the whole.
SlightlyMetaphysical of Asexual curiosities has had enough of a certain near-universal gender stereotype. Even better, he beautifully illustrates how men are socially constructed as the obligate, reflexively sexual “sex class.” Check it out.
“Isn’t it annoying how men are really sex-obsessed?”
“Not all men are sex-obsessed. If you thought about it for a moment, you’d realise that a lot of the men you know aren’t.”
“Give me an example.”
“I’m not.”
“Well, you don’t count. You’re asexual.”“I think everyone would secretly do anything for sex, they’re just hiding it.”
“Again, not true. I wouldn’t.”
“Yeah, but you don’t count. You’re asexual.”So what’s with this idea that, because I’m asexual, I’m outside of the normal spectrum of sexuality? I’m statistically written off? I think partly, it’s an example of how people construct a ‘no true Scotsman’ fallacy in their stereotypes, especially of gender. They think that, for example, men like sex, and so think of men who like sex as being most typically men, and then, when they think of the people who they know who are typically male, surprise surprise, they all like sex.
Got that? The notion of men as the sex class is so entrenched that men who don’t fit the profile aren’t even permitted in the data set! It’s like… well, we wanted to do a sexual-interest profile of men. But since including them always screw up our results we discard asexuals before we do our analysis.
I’ll go him one better! In the face of such stereotypes about men, men with low or no libido are going to be extremely unlikely to disclose their actual preferences… and actually rather likely to pretend otherwise. Either way they have very little incentive to buck the stereotype.
You know, the anonymously-authored blog 25 Things About My Sexuality provides an imperfect but still very good window into other people’s takes on their own sexuality. The premise is you email 25 things about your sexuality to the listed address and, as far as I can tell, whereupon they’re published. I have no idea whether and/or how they’re selected, filtered, or edited — which is part of what I mean about its imperfection. But the results are varied enough to offer insights into sexual experience one might not otherwise get.
At any rate, an entry from June 15, 2010 begins 1. This account is going to be less colorful than some, but it may also be more typical. Us vanilla people have stories to tell, too.
If you follow the link you’ll find a perfectly average, and perfectly wonderful, account of a 21-year-old heterosexual, self-defined vanilla woman who’s very comfortable with her sexuality in the context of the relationships she’s had with her partners.
After a couple of great conversations last week in New York and D.C., some brief and some very long, with a number of very thoughtful people it’s just been really sinking in lately how deeply we take relationships as a given when we confer about sex, kink, gender, and media.
It’s not that we don’t take relationships into account. We do! It’s just that we tend to treat them sort of the way birds treat air or fish treat water.
I’d really like to see that changed. A one-night stand is a relationship. Two people watching porn together are in a relationship, even when they’re not also long-term partners. A customer who hires a sex worker is in a relationship, and, more significantly, may be in a domestic relationship with another partner as well. Conversely, those who’s sex and romance life is limited to vibrators, lube, and/or tissues in the solitude of their own bedrooms may not be in relationships — a phenomenon that also tends to be handwaved away with terms like “loser,” “low status,” “cat lady,” “loner,” or even “asexual,” rather than considered as a social being. But I digress…
It seems to me that the most of most people’s sex lives more or less resemble the anonymous poster’s, which we tend to dismiss as the neutral flavor to which all the more interesting flavors of kink may be added. And yet… and yet… without that base what’s left is often just a bunch of pretty syrup and sprinkles puddled in the bottom of the bowl. And even without the added flourishes the base tends to still be… pretty fucking fantastic.
Again that’s not to say the extra flavors, textures, aromas, and sprinkles of kink are without merit. Quite the opposite, they’re often delightful. I just think we should stop taking “vanilla” for granted.
Not least, I might add, it should stop being taken for granted by “vanilla” people themselves.
I always figured Fathers’ Day was just another Hallmark Holiday. Ok, and as it happens I still think it, like Mother’s Day and other similar saccharine events, is a Hallmark Holiday. That said I overheard a snippet of its history on the radio and its origin is kind of cool. I can’t find a link to the segment I heard (on, I think, a Tavis Smiley broadcast) but I was able to confirm the gist: it’s 100 years old this weekend and was first observed in a church in Spokane, Washington.
More interestingly it was started by a woman, Sonora Smart Dodd, who was raised by her father, William Jackson Smart, after her mother’s death.
Which means at least as far as its origins go it’s not so much a “fathers know best” narrative-supporting holiday as a distinctly alt-father one. And while I think it’s still hokey the way all such commemorations are (really, one day a year you recognize mothers, or secretaries, or fathers, or veterans or whatever? One day?) I’ve got a lot more, well, sentimental appreciation of the sentiment behind it.
So good for him. And good for her.
If you, like the organizers and presenters at the Stop Porn Now conference underway in Boston this weekend, accept the strict definition of “pornography” I mentioned in Define Your Terms Before Debating: The Social Construction of Porn and Erotica then you’re going to have to go to considerable effort to deny that people like Matie Fricker and Molly Adler, the narrators in the video below, exist.
Again, it’s highly unlikely that Fricker and Adler are any more tolerant of exploitative, coercive, violating, violent, high-risk, unsafe, objectifying, and disrespectful porn than they’re likely to tolerate dangerous and phthalate-laden sex toys. But they call what they do sell “porn.”
Sometimes it’s just a matter of timing. Today I discovered Radical advice-columnist blogger CokeTalk of Dear Coke Talk via Calico Lane. Yesterday I wrote a post I wasn’t really satisfied with about how valuing relationships that are hard to is almost inherently alienating. If I’d done those things in reverse order I think the post I wrote would have been a lot shorter and I would have felt less uncertain about it.
Here’s CokeTalk’s post, very lightly edited to look more Q&A in quotes, and with emphasis mine.
On the best girls.
Q: WHY, oh, WHY, must all the best girls be straight?
A: Gay girls bitching that all the best girls are straight is just as silly as straight girls bitching that all the best boys are gay.
In either case, it usually means the girl doing the bitching has a taste for forbidden fruit. Is that it? Is there a ripe, delicious peach just out of arm’s length? Mmm. It looks so good up there, glistening and ready to be plucked. If only you could reach up and grab it.
Oh please, straight pussy doesn’t taste any sweeter than gay pussy. If you think it does, it’s all in your head. Maybe you love a challenge. Maybe it’s a bit of self-sabotage to prevent you from being in a position where you’re truly vulnerable.
Whatever it is, chill the fuck out and recognize that you’re the one making a problem for yourself. After all, the best girls are the ones that love you back.
Call me a prudish libertine if you like, but at the end of the day wanting to be lovers with someone for reasons other than their ability to love you back… being partners with someone for any reason beyond their ability to be your partner is inherently alienating.
Someone who’s structurally hard to get (e.g. he or she is straight and you’re gay, she or he is gay and you’re straight, they’re both happily and monogamously married, he or she is a “free spirit” who will never commit, he or she is so emotionally damaged you might be able to “rescue” but never reach) may feed all manner of needs for you, but a) if in fact you do ever leap the high hurdle and “get” them they’ll turn out to be approximately the same as someone who’d just say “I’d love to” if you just asked them out. And meanwhile, while you’re crawling across all that burning sand and swimming through those shark-infested waters to “prove” yourself… you’re very, very likely crawling or swimming past more people who could love you back than you could possibly imagine.
It’s not that I don’t think people should dream impossible dreams. Becoming a doctor, or performing at Carnegie Hall, “ever walking again” or running a marathon are all laudable, challenging, and fulfilling goals that, if they move you and shake you you should strive for.
I just think other people are people and impossible dreams are things.
Once you get that a lot of other stuff about relationships falls into place. I’m not positive I’d follow all of CokeTalk’s advice but her last line in that post is solid gold.
Lindsay Beyerstein of Big Think, takes on Slate’s Hanna Rosen, who attempted to make the case that Colleen Rose, named “Jihad Jane” in the press, is somehow a feminist. In the process she nicely explains a kind of central point that Rosen overlooked (possibly only to meet Slate’s fetish for “contrarian” writing.)
As far as feminism goes, LaRose allegedly swore allegiance to al Qaeda, one of the most sexist organizations in the world — the guys who brought us global war for perpetual patriarchy.
Rosin incorrectly assumes that any woman who strives to get ahead a male-dominated organization is automatically a feminist. If feminism means anything at all, it is an ideology of women’s liberation. In order to be a feminist, you have to value women’s equality and women’s liberation in general. There are different ways to state that basic commitment, but it doesn’t change the bottom line: If you self-consciously dedicate your life to subordinating women as a group, you maybe be hypocrite or a fool (or an alcoholic nutcase like LaRose), but you’re not a feminist — even if you have to ruffle some male feathers to get what you think you deserve. The idea that female ambition equals feminism is a serious and widespread misconception.
This gets to the heart of the difference between empowerment and what Twisty Faster mockingly calls “empowerfulment.”
On the one hand, yes, in the extremely mechanical sense the Equal Opportunity Employment Act would indeed prohibit al Qaeda from discriminating on the basis of sex. And in the extremely mechanical sense it would indeed be “progress” for a woman to fight for the right to, say, plan and execute acid attacks on girls who go to school. And after such an attack succeeded al Qaeda might even agree that indeed women could do the job as well as men.
The “on the other hand” speaks for itself: there’s no doubt that one could accumulate personal power in such an organization; there’s also no doubt that doing so would in no way be empowering. It’s just not empowerment if she would be valuable only as long as she remained faithful and useful to the purpose of suppressing… other people exactly like her. And if over time she began to balk, or to advocate for a reversal of policy, her personally-accumulated power would evaporate and she’d find herself back in the pool with all other women and her erstwhile companions would instead say “let’s not trust someone like that again.”
(It’s a general situation unrelated to gender, of course: the same not-really-a-paradox would apply to, say, an al Qaeda operative who accumulated personal power in the ranks of an antagonistic country’s foreign service in the capacity of… subverting Afghan or Pakistan’s diplomatic initiatives. To the extent they succeeded they wouldn’t be empowering other members of al Qaeda; to the extent they betrayed their employers they’d be effectively closing the door on other al Qaeda members who might have wished to follow in their footsteps.)
Of course waving around al Qaeda is a semi-invocation of Godwin’s Law — it’s just too ridiculously obvious and/or extreme an example to really be instructive. (Same for the blogger, going all the way the other side, who claimed that, say, it’s disempowering and/or appeasement for a woman to nurture her male newborn.)
That there are middle grounds is kind of achingly obvious. That there can be disagreement over particulars in the middle is, or ought to be, similarly obvious.
Where it gets interesting (and why I’m bothering to bring up all the previous, obvious stuff) is the process where by following a long chain of perfectly logical steps, beginning from a perfectly reasonable position, a perfectly sensible person like Hanna Rosen can reach… the perfectly illogical conclusion she reached about Colleen Rose.
It’s one of a set of fallacies that are basic opposites of the classic slippery slope fallacy. Slippery-slope arguments say stuff like “if you allow people of the same sex to marry then before you know it you’ll have people (for some reason usually men) trying to marry animals (usually dogs but sometimes horses.)
This slippery-up-slope fallacy is similar to the camel’s back fallacy where it makes logical imagining that you can keep loading straws on a camel’s back without it ever collapsing because for each previous straw it didn’t collapse. The flaw being that it eventually will collapse. Another version is sometimes called the bigger-hammer fallacy: to conclude that if something started working when you hit it with a hammer that hitting it harder or with a bigger hammer will make it work even better.
It’s both admirable and a sign of progress in the general case when women or men pioneer the way into roles traditionally denied or discouraged of them. That part’s ok. On top of that it can be significant when an individual is able to take advantage of that general progress to not only excel but gain power inside an organization that might previously have been closed to them. That part’s ok too. And on top of that you can even add that it’s demonstrative of the principles of equal capability that someone like, say, Phyllis Schlaffley was able to pioneer a career first in arch-conservative McCarthy-era anti-communist organizing and then later found and lead the extremist, and extremely-effective anti-feminist Eagle Forum. Same as it’s empowering when, say, women politicians have affairs or, when stay-at-home dads become domineering and obsessive-compulsive domestic divas. (Or, in perhaps not that long, if they ever figure out a way for them to have babies, if men started treating pregnancy as the same competitive sport Quiverfull women do now.)
Anyway, again, the trick here is to recognize that individuals have always been able to rise in organizations and social groups one might instead have expected to reject them. But you probably can’t say they represent change unless they actually bring about change! “Jihad Jane” LaRose wasn’t poised to empower women inside Al Qaeda than Sana’a Mehaidli empowered Palestinian or Syrian women or Thenmozhi Rajaratnam empowered Tamal separatist women. It’s not that it couldn’t be done, it’s that it doesn’t happen automatically!
Quick followup on re-thinking “unwed” pregnancy in an earlier post.
You know…
Perhaps because we’re such psychos about pregnancy and child-rearing as the “wages of sin” for single women we tend to frame our narratives almost entirely on the consequences on the mothers.
I mean, yeah, sure, in a patriarchal society that’s where all the emphasis would go — all the “who’s your daddy” business, all the “already chewed gum” abstinence analogies, all the “women and dependent infants and children” programs, all the “man around the house” idealizing, all that crap and more are going to be of natural concern if what really matters is determining paternity and avoiding “cuckoldry” and scorning “that kind” of woman and all that.
And I know, I know, in patriarchal society pregnancy and child-rearing and staying home with the kids and all that domestic stuff is “women’s work” about which men should be some combination of aloof, clueless, indifferent to, vaguely “pride and joy” motivated about, and largely absent from.
I know all that and I get that when you factor all that in it makes sense that the focus would be almost entirely on the role of women and children in single parent families.
And I even get… in fact I especially get… that in patriarchy men are considered the default, neutral, standard norm against which women and your uterus thingies and other lady parts are “the other.” And that “the other” is always going to get way more scrutiny and be taken way, way less for granted than the by-definition normal, well, normal men-like people.
But…
But…
Y’know? If you start looking at men not as the standard species type for human beings but just one more of a very wide variety of types you start to stop making assumptions and start asking questions. You stop looking at men as “that which in a just society all others will finally be equal to” and start wondering what their tradeoffs, obstacles, and unexamined oppressions are.
And when you do that you have to start asking yourself…
What is the social and psychic cost to the very considerable number not just of single men who’s absence helps define “single-female head of household” but on those men?
Because, seriously, not being part of a family, of having children but not being connected to posterity, of being defined as independent and free of households while in reality being only secondary to them?
Dudes, they’re missing out on some serious quality of life!
That would be one of the problems of defining one’s self by one’s gender roles instead of by, say, what you could create for yourself.
Because if your a man and your “role” is to be “head” of the house…
But you being on average only an average human being you only having a 50% chance of being the “head” in relationship to any other human being…
And then you multiply that sense of defined entitlement/obligation not only by one’s partner but by another 5O% chance for each additional member who comes into the family. Then the statistical chance that you actually are qualified to be the “head of household” of social expectation to which everyone else naturally and justifiably defers goes down pretty quickly.
Which would be fine, of course, except for that Garrison Keilor-like social expectation that all men must be “above average.” Which turns the statistical necessity that all men must be, well, average into its own no-win cycle of shame, withdrawal, undeserved entitlement, anxiety, anger, and isolation.
The alternative for men to being the Ozzie and Harriet “head” of one’s family, of course, is to just be a plain, old, regular, incredibly, incredibly valuable part of one’s family.
The problem with all the common narratives for men in families is it’s all either/or — either you’re the head of the family or… you can’t even be there at all. (And clue #72 would be: even if you are able to merit the capacity to be “head” of the household it’s… still a really, really good idea, even for meritocrats, to distribute tasks and other primary decisions to those who are most immediate to various situations. Just saying.)
Anyway, this often-unwarranted pressure to be the titular-male “head” of the household is largely not, by the way, mitigated by the expectations of everybody else besides the man — beginning with his partner and extending to her parents, his parents, his and her siblings and other family members, often his friends, his employers, his neighbors, and, for that matter, random people walking down the street.
And if “because I say so” is a really dumb reason to try to be in charge “because everyone else says so” is even worse.
It’s a lot of pressure when you think about it — even if you’re committed to being a part of the household and not just roleplaying the head it’s hard to buck everyone else’s expectations.
Which is just one more place where feminism comes in and “traditional” expectations don’t. Which is kind of ironic when you think of the stereotypical/theoretical antagonism between feminists and unattached single men. But here’s the trick: you relay the last four or five paragraphs to your average feminist and she or he’s going to come to your side very quickly. You try to explain it to your average anti-feminist and he or she will just say you need to grow a pair, or to get off his lawn.