social construction of gender

Jonah Goldberg Wishes *All* Women, and Not Just White Ones, Had Enough Power To Withhold Sex From Unworthy Men

Hugo Schwyzer takes conservative nepotism beneficiary Jonah Goldberg to task for arguing that women should be given a little more power in “backwards” cultures. You’d think that would be a good thing but Goldberg’s arguing only that women should have only enough power to be more effective “gatekeepers.” (Emphasis mine.)

Jonah concludes his piece … with this gem:

“Women civilize men. As a general rule, men will only be as civilized as female expectations and demands will allow. “Liberate” men from those expectations, and “Lord of the Flies” logic kicks in. Liberate women from this barbarism, and male decency will soon follow.”

Give Jonah credit. He’s not blaming women directly for their failure to civilize men. Rather, he’s blaming certain cultures that fail to give women sufficient authority with which to do their civilizing. But that doesn’t change the basic problem in his argument, based as it is on pseudo-science, Victorian sentimentality about women’s “nature”, and a William Golding novel about pre-pubescent boys.

Read the quote and Schwyzer’s analysis in context here.

Goldberg says “Women civilize men. As a general rule, men will only be as civilized as female expectations and demands will allow.”

Which would be… Goldberg, a man, setting expectations for male behavior. Very low expectations, sure, but not ones set by women.

Which is, of course, the nice little trap men like Goldberg want to set for us: expect to be able to indulge your more infantile and/or animal impulses; then either blame women letting us live up to the expectations we ourselves set, or else resenting women for using sexual access (the only leverage we permit them to have) in order to get us to act like actual adult men. The minor “upside” for anti-feminists like Goldberg is that men are absolved of all responsibility for, well, responsibility. The infinitely larger downside is that women are expected to have all the responsibility but none of the authority (we just call them “bitches” when they try to make us do the task Goldberg assigns them.) The end result isn’t even zero sum, it’s negative sum: grown men and women are reduced to Cathi Hanauer’s acute phrases The Bitch in the House and The Bastard on the Couch

Quick question for Goldberg: what does he imagine, say, Aristotle, or Augustine, or, Confucius or, I dunno, Maimonides, or even Tolstoy would think of his assertion that women are a civilizing influence on men? I happen to think all those gentlemen were dead wrong to believe men are uniquely moral and civilizing compared to women. But Goldberg and his desperately anti-feminist ilk just as wrong to imagine their fantasy of essential gendered women’s morality is any more real.

Another quick question: Goldberg, like Satoshi Kanazawa and millions of other anti-feminists, believes women’s magic lady part… and their “power” to withhold it... are the only thing that civilizes men. To which I’ll just rephrase Holly’s observation: Does that all those gay artists and writers and politicians and freakin’ gay fry cooks for that matter never get around to contributing to society because they’re way too busy not withholding sex from each other?

In fact we men set expectations all the time. In fact the whole idea that women don’t have anything better to do with their own sexuality than to use it to manipulate men’s behavior (coughno-sex classcough) is a completely male expectation.

Screw Goldberg and the coin-operated horsie he rode up on. I expect better of him.

Feminists Calling Out Misandry When They See It

Kudos to Jessica Fischer at The Sexademic, Shelby Knox at Misogyny Watch, Jos at Feministing, and other feminist and feminist-leaning bloggers for calling out that stupid (and potentially triggering if you’ve got issues) Sex Really “men are assholes so make sure you use condoms” public service announcement.

If you’re having sex with the kind of men represented in that stupid PSA, and there’s not even anything wrong if that’s your decision, then yeah, you should probably insist on condoms. Just for starters. But you of all people probably know that.

But the implication that all men are like that is…

Well, it’s reinforcing the dominant “no-sex” class paradigm wherein not only are women disinterested in sex, at least for its own sake*, which I usually talk about more, but also the equally dominant notion that men are obligately, reflexively, thoughtlessly, incontinently, perpetually… and possibly exclusively sexual.

Actual feminists get that there’s more to men that that. Anti-feminist rape apologists and slut-shamers like Laura Sessions Stepp, who was involved with this PSA, don’t.

Inside the dominant paradigm all men must be that way — snakes, snails, and out of control giant hairless indiscriminately-wagging dog tails. Just as all women must be like the “girlfriend” character on the phone in the PSA — too wrapped up in wanting a baby to notice to care what her boyfriend thinks about sex. And, not to beat a dead horse, but if the thesis of the ad is “all men are irresponsible, inconsiderate sex-hungry assholes” then the message of the ad is that’s just what all women have to put up with, with all men… in which case using condoms is at best irrelevant and at worst counterproductive to the message that…

a) all men are obligate, reflexive, and sexual
b) all women don’t care because they just want babies and therefore
c) contrary to the surface “warning” to women the underlying message sent to both women and men don’t bother with condoms after all because men don’t like them and it just prolongs how often women have to have to endure icky old sex to get that baby.

Which, d) is pretty much the dominant paradigm folks like Stepp earnestly reinforce.

Never mind that even when men talk that way they tend to be considerably more attentive with their partners one-on-one. And never mind that women are directly interested in sex and not just its “innocent byproducts.”

Pay attention, instead, to the fact that the ad viciously stereotypes men and women, that it instructs men’s and women’s behavior by setting expectations for it. It’s instructing women that the only good thing they’ll ever get out of sex is babies. It instructs men that women really secretly do want unprotected sex, or at least don’t care if they do.

But anyway, why is it people keep getting away with saying it’s feminists that hate men?

Irony of Economics Universities That Hire Evolutionary Psychologists

I love me some Echidne of the Snakes, who has the chops to thoroughly and repeatedly discredit the two or three standard tropes of evolutionary psychology that are all we ever hear of it.

But when it came to dismantling the serially disgraceful Satoshi Kanazawa could have stopped right here

Ten thousand years ago, when humans were hunter-gatherers, we mated, tended to our kin and fled when danger was in the air – activities that did not require much intelligence.

Read the quote in context here.

10,000 years is as little as 1% of the estimated age of homo sapiens. And at most a quarter of the age of what at least used to be called our subspecies, homo sapiens s.

For most of that time our sizes, shapes, and colors may have varied but our brains? Probably not so much.

Which means we might not have needed much intelligence 10,000 years ago. (coughbullshitcough!) But we had the intelligence anyway!

It’s not even an insult to Kanazawa that a child born 40,000, or 500,000, or possible even a million years ago but educated today would stand the same chance as Kanazawa of landing a professorship in economics and political science at the London School of Economics. (The insult would be to say anyone, from any era, with more intelligence than he would have chosen a less disreputable line of work.)

At any rate, the fact that, need it or not, we have the same size brains today that we had 10,000 years ago and beyond… but didn’t need them until recently undercuts rather then reinforces Kanazawa’s fantasies about the evolution of human behavior. That a professor at a fucking school of economics would overlook, oh, say, theories of rational, enlightened self-interest in favor of biologically determined behavioral “central planning” says pretty much all you need to know about the professor and… the institution that chooses to retain him.

When it Comes to Shaving Bible Colleges Tell Men to Do What We Say, Not What the Bible Says

Chris of Cynical-C answers the question “How Does a Brigham Young Univ. Student Grow a Beard?”

By visiting a doctor and filling out lots of paperwork. I wonder if you could cut down on some of that if you just grow a mustache?

A student who wishes to obtain a beard exception must visit a BYU Student Health Center doctor by appointment (422.5156). The doctor will fax his recommendation. The student then needs to come to the Honor Code Office to fill out some paperwork and receive the letter allowing the growth of the beard, if approved. If a yearly beard exception is granted, a new Student ID will be issued after the beard has been fully grown, and must be renewed every year by repeating the process. If a request is granted for a temporary or more permanent beard exception the student will be notified by the Honor Code Office; at which time the student will come into the office to complete the necessary paperwork. After completion of this process the student may then grow a full beard according the guidelines given.

(via J-Walk)

That’s the whole post. I got it here.

The first commenter says that Pensacola Christian College dress code and Hyles Anderson’s are much worse. Anderson’s sounds vague but may be strictly enforced. Pensacola Christian College’s is, um, more strictly enumerated. As is is their behavior code. Both men and women must turn right down some road rather than left to go to a nearby beach, for instance. Students must not leave campus only with members of their own sex and never in groups smaller than three for men and five for women. Sheesh! The only concession to modernity seems to be an admonition for women to wear no more than two sets of earrings at a time.

The second commenter, Julia S., remarks that “finally something crappy for the guys to deal with. Go Jebus!!! Wait? Did Jebus need permission to grow HIS?!? Hey!!!!” Except for the “finally” part. equirements to shave really is one of the few appearance-related issues men are saddled with socially, compared to myriad such obligations imposed on women.

Further down KidneyPI raises a favorite issue of mine, given the Bible-beater obsession with Shalt Nots: “Being a religious school, shouldn’t they require beards? Leviticus 19:27 seems to forbid shaving.” (In Leviticus “rounding the corners of thy head nor beard” is at least as smite-worthy an abomination as homosexuality, premarital sex, or adultery and yet at Pensacola, Brigham Young, or Anderson it’s nothing but crickets.)

I Think the Trick Is: On Trying to Tolerate Construction of Gender

I gotta say I’m less enamored of this whole gender business, as distinct from more tangible qualities like biology, body, identity, and orientation. But people like Bond of Dear Diaspora or Sinclair of Sugarbutch argue passionately and often very well that no, there is such a thing, and what’s wrong with that?

It still gives me hackles. Especially when it sure looks like (as turned up in conversation with a friend today who’s struggling with her relationship with male partner) the gendered female trope of “disappointment” and the gendered male one of “resignation” sure… look awfully similar. Except for the names, of course. And the genders they’re ascribed to.

In fact I think one big clue came today when I was talking with my friend and she asked me how it can be that the person you can be almost sick to death of being different than could have been so rivetingly appealing when you first met. And it occurred to me that that’s one more domain where over time all the stuff you have in common — maybe 99% or more — just cancels out from familiarity, overuse, complacency, and especially confidence and comfort… and therefore take up only a very small percent of effort and energy. Compared to that nagging 1% difference that, because everything else fades figuratively into your literal background that… the difference takes up nearly all your effort and energy. With the result that you’re saying “irreconcilable differences” when externally friends and loved ones can’t imagine what the problem is.

Well. I think it’s the same with gender. A lot. Human beings aren’t 100% alike. (That’s a common but moronic straw-person argument often held up by gender essentialists.) But we are 99% alike. Even when we’re biologically different we’re very often still functionally alike. (Consider for instance that in many parts of the world both sexes squat to pee even though with practice nearly all men and most women can pee perfectly well standing up.)

So like I say, there are very clearly differences between heterosexual cis-gendered biological sexes. But just the fact that I have to add all those qualifications is a reminder of just how small those differences can actually be.

Small differences, however, aren’t the same as no differences. And while I’m not persuaded that the difference is big enough to bring in a whole ‘nother social institution called “gender” to help explain those differences, stereotype those differences, or police those differences when people go “astray” from them I’m willing to accept that they’re there and they might even be unavoidable.

Especially if other people seem to believe they’re there it doesn’t even help if you don’t. Consider that if men look you in the chest instead of the eyes you’re being gendered, like it or not. Consider that if women cross the street rather than walk past you after midnight you’re gendered it doesn’t really matter how long you’ve spent deconstructing gender in yourself.

So…

So I got a big epiphany the other day that it’s not actually gender itself that bugs me. Like Sinclair I feel comfortable wearing pants, for instance, nor am I inclined to skirts. On the other hand a number of bio-women and at least one bio-man who just strongly prefer conventional skirts or dresses.

In fact Sinclair and I are really quite a lot alike. In gender terms we have quite a lot in common! In fact, even though she’s thoroughly and even cheerfully not a man in a lot of ways she’s better at being “masculine” than I am. Or at least more consistently so.

Which gets me to that sticking point again. Because the way gender is constructed it’s “good” when I do some of the gendered things I do because I’m biologically male. But when she does it it’s “bad” because she’s not. Except that, as I just mentioned, she’s really good at it.

So my epiphany was that I’m actually not so much down on gender as I’m really down on the 50/50-split, yin/yang, I’m hairy so you must be hairless, you’re nurturing so I must be aloof, Mars/Venus, everything-about-us-must-be-opposite two-sphere model of gender. I’m seriously impatient with the exclusivity that goes with gender essentialism.

In other words I’m fine with gender… as long as it’s completely independent of sexual biology, or anatomy, or identity, or orientation.

Current 60/40 Ratios and Long-Term Gender Parity: Bad News for Maureen Dowd, Superbowl Ads, Good For Everyone Else

Speaking of the dumb idea that recent male/female imbalances on campus are a social catastrophe, Echidne of the Snakes nicely illustrates just how empty the complaint really is.

Can you imagine reversing this? Take something like the military which is predominantly male. Do you see articles written about how the poor men must suffer, not having any women to date? How they can’t get married, due to the predominantly male environment? How they therefore should allow more women in and possibly relinquish their own jobs in consequence?

You don’t see those articles, and neither were reversal articles of this type written when colleges were filled with nothing much but men. Nobody worried that those poor men couldn’t be able to find a wife or a date for the weekend, nobody. And this has never been a concern with all-male colleges even today. It is only a concern when women have become the majority of college students.

She said it here.

The reason, of course, that people didn’t worry about skewed balances of men improving their prospects is that right down to rules about wearing or removing hats society was structured around men with earning power finding and keeping women with none.

What needs to change isn’t the ratios of women to men in college, or in the workforce. What needs to change are those seriously obsolete ideals about who should support whom, who should earn more than whom, how men should value themselves and each other only by their net worth, and how women should value themselves and each other by their ability to “catch” partners with greater earning potential.

Aside: while I almost always pin responsibility for gender issues on men (not least because, as a man, that’s my responsibility) this is an area where women are really going to have to give it up too. The Maureen Dowd’s laments are no less dangerous to gender parity than those moronic Superbowl commercials about “pussywhipped” men.)

For what it’s worth this 60/40 ratio is almost certainly an artifact of just one or two generations of women’s efforts to bootstrap themselves, and their daughters, out of the income, education, and employment imbalances of the status quo prior to around 1980.

If nothing else, those same lower-to-upper middle-class women who are now either graduating at higher rates or finding service jobs at higher rates than their husbands and brothers aren’t going to let their sons sink below their daughters. But neither are they likely to let their daughters fall back behind either.

So minor generational fishtailing notwithstanding men’s and women’s earnings, accomplishments, and standing are going to come closer and closer to even. Since that’s actually going to be good for pretty much everybody maybe now would be a good time to stop whining about it.

Former High-School Dropout Figleaf Puts the Dread 60/40 Sex Ratios On Campus Into (Off-Campus) Perspective

Matthew Yglesias points to a couple of places in the world where there really are fewer men than women — American inner city neighborhoods where prison and murder take their toll, and Iceland where much of the male population is often literally at sea — and then jumps on the much-buzzed-about notion that the higher number of women enrolled in college compared to the lower number of men is a social/dating/marriage/settling catastrophe. (Yglesias, for instance, points to an article in the New York Times, um fashion section that addresses this very serious social issue!)

He also points to a post by big-L Libertarian economist Alex Tabarrok of Marginal Revolution Never one to shy away from evolutionary economist psychology explanations involving hypothetical supermarkets giving away hypothetical $100 bonuses that, Tabarrok claims, perfectly explains “the predictable consequences on dating.”

Yglesias, like many other intelligent people, smells red herring.

...most of the hand-wringing about this seems silly. It would be bizarre to start admitting fewer women to college in order to make it easier for the remaining women to find steady boyfriends. Things like improved labor market opportunities for blue collar women and improved college preparation for low-income men would help resolve the imbalance, but those things would be goals with pursuing even absent the gender balance on campus issue. What’s more, there’s a large-scale shift toward people getting married later that’s rendering a lot of these ideas about meeting your future husband in school obsolete anyway.

He said it here.

There’s a bit of difference between 60-40% women and men in college and 60-40% men period. For instance, yes, if you’re dead set on marrying someone in your econ 101 course then with that sort of on-campus ratio a woman’s going to be at a disadvantage relative to men in the same class.

Probably not so much at an off-campus coffee shop. Or bar. Or church. Or local alt-weekly or on-line personals.

When I was an evidently charming but distinctly non-college-bound young vagabond back in the 1970s I found no more but also no fewer opportunities relationships in women’s-college college towns as general-admission college towns. Nor did other charming but non-college bound young vagabonds in my circle of friends consider their prospects to be better in those places. I know, I know, plural of anecdote is not data and all that but still, 60-40 mixes aren’t anything compared to the three, four, and five to one (straight) women to (straight) men ratios on and near college campuses that had traditionally been women-only back in the day.

The No-Sex Class: Why It Matters That What We All "Know" is True About 10-Year-Old Boys Isn't True at All


Copyrighted image from Danielle Corsetto. Visit her site for full-size version.

I’ve been really enjoying Danielle Corsetto’s Girls With Slingshots comic strip since being turned on to it by an anonymous commenter on a previous post.

Her portrayal of 10-year-old boys in the strip behind this link is a little off. I mean, yes, yes, I get that the boy saying “Booobies” nicely reverses Hazel’s concern that she wouldn’t be a safe babysitter and her friend’s reassurance that the 10-year-old is “probably much more mature than you think.”

But still, when you say 10-year-olds you’re talking 4th and 5th graders. I’ve been spending… quite a bit of time with about 47 fifth graders lately. And even for the “mature” ones we’re still talking very pubescent children, not college freshmen!

Comics are funny in very large part because they’re precisely not actual real life. If a real-life little kid behaved the way this one does in this comic, the next one (“so how was baby-sitting last night?” “Hormonal, nerdy, perverted, and gross.” And, sardonically, “My, how unlike a 10-year-old-boy!”) and the way he and his on-line friends behave in this one that wouldn’t be “par for the course.” It wouldn’t be “boys will be boys.” It wouldn’t be “what a surprise.” It would be “speak immediately to the parents” and/or “talk to a child psychologist” and/or “contact child-protective services.”

Because, seriously, a 4th or 5th-grader addressing an adult only in terms of sexual body parts (e.g. “boobies!” and “oh, hi tits”) or, as in this strip, is making out aggressively with another child his age is, has been seriously and prematurely sexualized.

Funny in the funnies (no, really, it’s great bleak/dark/edgy humor) but at the same time it’s factually-incorrectly framing the narrative of all men, of all ages including childhood, as obligate, reflex, obsessive sexual beings.

The “no-sex” class paradigm* is a habit of mind, not reality. It’s a habit we want to break in ourselves. It’s a habit we don’t even want to start in children. Let alone encourage by setting expectations.

—-

Just to be clear I’m really, really not knocking Corsetto. The comic that was current when I first visited her site was also bleak, also a good poke at gender stereotypes, and also pretty funny. Particularly funny when you’re aware that both the gay man and the straight one in the final panel are deluding themselves — a point Corsetto makes clear with, for instance, the perpetually dateless main character Hazel.

* With apologies to Plymouth

On Learning to Recognize "Gray Area" Sexual Pressure Where You Least Expect It

Pluralist of Feministing Community has a really cool post up about the near side of non-consensual “gray area” sex.

What makes it a great illustration is that the sexes were reversed! (Emphasis hers.)

Since November my best friend has been having relationship problems. She is cis and het as is her boyfriend and they’ve been a committed and monogamous relationship for about 4 years now. The whole story is too long to recount, but as of a week ago they began a “break they need in order to stay together”.

Suffice it to say the first two days were hellish as I talked to one of the loves my life breaking down over the phone. But during one of the more lucid moments, she told me that – among a lot of alleged grievances – she had (unknowingly) forced her boyfriend into sex.

Apparently he had said things along the lines of “I’m too tired right now, let’s just go to sleep” and she had continued to proposition him thinking “welll, this will help you sleep better!” My immediate reaction was that there was no way she had coerced or pressured him into sex. After all, he should’ve just said “No really, I don’t want to do this right now” if she kept at it. It was his fault for not stopping the encounter.

And then I realized that had this been a woman in his place – not to mention my best friend – I would never have given this consideration. I was victim-blaming, basing my assumptions in tropes of male hypersexuality and female passivity. She didn’t handcuff him to a heater and force-feed him viagra . She’s a nice girl, she couldn’t have done that!

Read the quote in context here.

I talk a lot more about the paradigmatic social assumptions that women belong to the “no-sex” class — sugar, spice, everything nice, sure, but also possessing no autonomous sexual agency. Unless they’re somehow “broken,” or “damaged goods.” I don’t talk so much about the other side, the equally strong assumption that men are the sex class — obligate, reflexive, indiscriminating, and single-mindedly ready for sex. Unless, again, there’s something wrong with them. But it’s just as big a deal.

Inside the dominant paradigm it’s as unheard of for a man to say “no” as for a woman to say “yes.” Inside the paradigm, with it’s bogus Two Rules of Desire, the ratchet of initiative alway clicks in one direction.

This too has its consequences. It doesn’t just assume women never mind not having sex, it also assumes men never mind having it. One consequence would be Pluralist’s friend assuming her partner was having a momentary brain fart or something therefore his “no” couldn’t possibly really mean no. So she kept trying.

As I said up at the top this is way over on the near side of the “gray area.” A little persistence, especially in a long-term relationship where one partner’s behavior is perhaps uncharacteristic, is an unfortunate failure to recognize that no means no, but not an appalling one.

That said, whereas it’s way over this way verging into “no harm then no foul” territory, as Pluralist hinted and one commenter stated very clearly, however mild-sounding the incident

Obviously, something went wrong in this particular case if the guy is bringing it up as a grievance.

Therefore not “no harm then no foul.”

So if her failure to acknowledge or respect his decision wasn’t appalling it wasn’t benign either.

So there’s definitely still something to talk about.

Lil Wayne and the Problem of Confusing Sexual Assault Victims With Male Sexual Role Models

Pulling together several themes from the last couple of days, here’s in interesting post from last month by Amanda Hess of Washington City Paper about a mediated sexual assault on rapper Lil Wayne when he was 11 years old. She’s quoting from a movie about him where he’s telling a protégé nicknamed “Twist” about an incident his own mentor, nicknamed “Baby,” instigated. (Emphasis hers.)

Wayne tells Twist that Baby, Wayne’s father figure, was one of the men encouraging the woman to perform oral sex on him. “I’m a do you like Baby and them did me,” Wayne informs him.

After the documentary was filmed, Lil’ Wayne spoke about his childhood sexual assault again, in an appearance on Jimmy Kimmel’s show. Kimmel goaded Wayne into talking about “losing his virginity” at the age of 11. Then, Kimmel—along with, oddly, Charlie Gibson, who was also a guest on the show that night—teamed up to tease Wayne over the incident, which they presented as an impressive display of Wayne’s manhood. Except that this time, Wayne was no longer up for joking about the matter, and he finally explained to Kimmel that the experience was a negative one. It was also revealed that the woman who was being encouraged to “suck little Wayne’s little dick” was 14 years old.

After the Kimmel segment aired, Cara at the Curvature wrote an excellent piece about the cultural tendency to respond to sexual assaults against males by recasting the assault as a positive sexual experience for the victim…

She said it here.

Quick note, Cara’s post at the Curvature really is a great one, as is a post from Sociological Images that inspired her.

Anyway, Hess concludes with

When sexual assault against males is excused as a joke or even held up as a badge of honor, that doesn’t just work to erase victims after the fact. This attitude directly causes sexual assaults. Twist is told he needs to have sex whether he wants to or not, just like Wayne did before him.

Yikes!

Here’s a handful of ideas we probably need to spend a little more time thinking about… and encouraging others to think about as well.

  • sexual assault on male victims is not well-understood, and consequently not taken seriously
  • male sexual awakening begins considerably later than most people seem to assume
  • gendered allegations that it’s “natural” for boys to already be ready for sex are incorrect, and therefore if a boy ends up in a sexual situation at age 11 (as in Wayne’s case) or even 4 (as in mine) the presumption is that “he’s just getting an early start” is also (deeply) incorrect.
  • Pressure to become precociously sexual has consequences on boys or, more subtly but no less incorrect…
  • if the consequences for boys look different than the consequences for girls then they are thought to be of no consequences at all

and finally

  • if boys are pressured and/or feel pressured to be precocious — either by their elders, other boys, or by girls who may already be beginning to feel sexual — they may try to fake their degree of knowledge and interest and may try to rely on social scripts from… less than ideal sources

Something else to consider: as adults it sure seems like a lot of us have a general sense of amnesia and/or avoidance of memories of that part our lives. Nevertheless it seems to be a pretty formative period where a huge number of general social assumptions are put into practice. Those of us with children, at least, and really I think everyone who plans to live among peers who are even slightly younger than we are need to reassess our own experiences and, where possible, see if we can provide more structure for children in, especially, their very early adolescence.

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