social expectations

Don't Confuse Authentic Privilege, Which Should Be Extended to All, With "Privilege," Which Shouldn't

Quick follow up on my previous post about privilege. From comments in to the same Slacktivist post I cited previously, a commenter called “Mark Z” had this nifty illustration of the hidden benefits of classic “white, male Baptist” privilege.

It’s like running in a race in which half your competitors have had their shoes stolen. You benefit from it even if you didn’t steal their shoes. You don’t normally see that they have no shoes because they’re behind you and in a foot race you keep your eyes forward. If they fall far enough behind, you might forget they’re even in this race.

He said it here.

That analogy seems even more apt than the standard “wind at your back” or the snarky “born on 3rd base and thinks he hit a triple” ones.

On Extending the Authentic Privilege of Exemption from Collective Guilt

So a couple of weeks ago Slactivist said something that I, even though I’m not specifically a white male Protestant Baptist, should have said because, hey Baptist, Catholic, Unitarian, agnostic-but-with-a-vaguely-Protestant-sounding-last-name, it’s all the same thing with us people.

Head’s up: it starts out sounding ordinarily Jon-Stewart-y snarky…

Please forgive me for the actions of extremists I have never met who commit acts of violence that I have never advocated

As a white male Baptist, it is my duty today to denounce the violence perpetrated by Patrick Gray Sharp, 29, who yesterday attacked the police headquarters in McKinney, Texas, in a heavily armed but ineffectual assault involving a high-powered rifle, road flares, “gasoline and ammonium nitrate fertilizer.”

I understand that this denunciation must be swift and unambiguous and that, in the absence of such denunciations made by and on behalf of every and all white male Baptists, others are entitled to assume that every white male Baptist is fully in agreement with the actions of Patrick Gray Sharp and to therefore deny white male Baptists the rights others enjoy.

So I denounce this attack and state unequivocally that we white male Baptists do not believe in this kind of violent extremism. I beg you all not to condemn all of us for the actions of this lone member of our community, although of course I will understand if you decide that you must do so and will humbly accept whatever restrictions on our full participation in society that you see fit to impose. That’s only fair.

I further beg your forgiveness for my not denouncing this violent act sooner. Unlike the nearly identical failed attack in Times Square, this attack wasn’t the lead story on our local news and the newspaper I work for somehow didn’t mention it at all. Then today I was outside most of the afternoon cutting the grass and just didn’t hear about the story until now. I plead with you to understand that as soon as I learned of this incident, I rushed to post this denunciation.

Read the quote in context here.

...but the twist makes it not only generally relevant to the context of grossly unfair expectations that all even-vaguely Muslim people should apologize for and denounce violence committed by other equally vaguely Muslim people (even if they’re, say, Shiite and the perpetrator was Suni, even if they’re ethnically Persian or Turkic and the perpetrator was ethnically Arab or Pashtun.) The twist makes it appropriate to the context of sex, gender, and relationship blogs like this one. Slactivist continues…

UPDATE: Boy is my face red. This is so embarrassing — I totally skimmed past the fine print on the unwritten rules and completely missed the exemption for hegemonic classes. It turns out that we white people, males and Protestants never have to worry about extravagant displays of vicarious contrition. As a white male Protestant, apparently, I don’t need to promptly denounce every evil act committed by any and every other white male Protestant.

This is awesome. Do you realize how much time this is going to save me? Plus just the relief of no longer having to watch the news on pins and needles, worrying every time there’s a crime or a gun-nut on a spree that it’ll be some white male Protestant guy and that everyone is going to assume we’re all like that. What an enormous relief to be judged only as an individual and not prejudged according to the worst thing ever done by anyone ever claiming to belong to my faith community, or sharing my gender or my ethnicity. It’s not just a relief it’s a … oh, what’s the word? ... privilege. Yes, that’s what it is — a fantastic privilege.

Two points to this twist, incidentally.

1) If you’re white, male, and Protestant it really is a privilege that you don’t have to apologize ever time another fuckwad shoots up a school, a church, an office, a clinic, his family, random passers by, an Oklahoma City federal building, a Texas or California IRS office, random police officers, and so on. No, really, it’s a privilege. Not a resentment-driven, anxiety induced, demanded for male-privilege privilege, I mean it’s a real actual privilege. One that should be extended to anyone else who isn’t directly responsible for supporting, endorsing, instigating, or participating in such incidents should receive.

2) Yeah, Mary Daly was really separatist. Yeah, Catharine MacKinnon is really anti-fellatio. Yeah, Twisty Faster is really antagonistic towards men. And sure, somewhere, some time, someone who identifies herself as a feminist… or more to the point someone you identify as a feminist (even though like Lorena Bobbit or Wendy Vitters they aren’t) may have said or done something that hurt your feelings. But unless you want to start taking responsibility for the behavior of Timothy McVeigh, Dick Cheney, David Koresh, Scott Roeder, and Randall Terry and you might want to ask why you think every feminist should be held responsible for the most extremist, and occasionally even obscure feminist positions.

Of course none of this means one can’t take on responsibility for wrongs committed by others. Whether or not they resemble you in some way superficial or real. It just means your resemblance doesn’t oblige you to.

Karen Rayne on Why We Should Teach Sex-Ed in Middle School

Karen Rayne of Adolescent Sexuality who teaches sex ed both directly to K-12 students and at the college level to prospective sex-ed teachers, answers a really critical question: why begin teaching sex ed no later than middle school? (Emphasis mine.)

Most middle school students are not yet sexually active.  I know I already said that, but it’s really important.  Most of the middle school students in my classes are open to conversation – and perspectives that may differ from their own – on many topics.  My co-teacher and I are able to broaden their perspectives through thoughtful, age-appropriate activities and discussions in really amazing ways.  When I have students in my classes who are more sexually active, they are just not as open to thoughtful discussions because the outcomes of these discussion hold meaning for their own understanding of themselves and their identity.

It is simply far better for young people to discuss sexuality with breadth and in-depth for the first time as a theoretical topic that does not hold bearing on their own sexuality rather than as an emerging sexually active individual who now has a whole new raft of conversations and thoughts with which to evaluate their past decisions and therefore their own identity.

She said it here.

Last night I had a long discussion with my 11-year-old about addiction (she asked.) It probably wouldn’t be a good idea to wait till she reached the age where most children begin experimenting with potentially addictive substances to have that conversation. A few days ago I had a conversation with my 13-year-old about driving consciousness. It probably would be a terrible idea to wait till he was driving to bring it up. And while babysitting has a nice balance of rewards and responsibilities, and is almost completely value-neutral at least in our corner of the world, I’m still going to make sure that before they start they take the locally-offered babysitting classes so they’ll be prepared not only for the entertaining elements (which I’m pretty sure they can figure out for themselves) but also stuff like boundaries, first aid, negotiating with adult caregivers (which I’m dead certain has never once crossed either of their minds.)

Considering the complexity and nuance of sex and relationships, their rewards and responsibilities, and of course their potential consequences, it’s hard to argue that children should learn about it long before they’re more than theoretically interested in doing any of it.

On the Impossibility of Navigating the Scilla of Too Vanilla and Charybdis of Kink Without Common Language to Map It

Holly of The Pervocracy, talking about normal vs. kinky brings up one interesting data point…

All I know is that if I have to sit through another conversation at work on the topic of “my husband and I are never in bed together and that’s awesome because gosh it’s such a pain having to deal with those icky things he wants”, I’m going to explode and tell them everything.

She said it here.

and one of her commenters brought up another…

Is ‘icky things he wants’ non-vanilla sex or is it sex at all? I’m over on the asexual end of the spectrum, and if I came out with something like, “Actually, I’d be perfectly happy to never bother with sex again,” at work, I would be stuck spending the rest of the season putting up with well-meaning busybodies demanding that I justify my marriage.

He or she said that here.

Pretty wild, right? If you’re “too” sexual (in Holly’s emergency-medical staff workgroup that evidently includes owning a vibrator) you get branded a wild child. But! On the other hand, as the commenter pointed out, if you’re not sexual you’re in for a world of scrutiny as well. All made worse by our general reluctance to discuss whatever “happy medium” it is we’re all supposed to “naturally” have.

Or, as yet another of Holly’s commenters, Mousie76, puts it

I don’t think normal, vanilla people know what normal and vanilla is like, because part of being normal and vanilla is not really talking about it.

Much hilarity does not ensue.

If the Utilitarian Value of Sex Was Only Orgasms Why Would We Bother Kissing?

While reassuring yet another correspondent who’s concerned about being able to… I dunno… perform vaginal orgasms Jessi Fischer of The Sexademic nails the crippling folly of making orgasms the stat-counter of sex. That and the equally crippling trap of distinguishing “foreplay” from the “real thing” of intercourse.

Of course, none of this is to suggest you should toss penetrative vaginal sex off the list of enjoyable sexual stimulation. Kissing may not make you come, but damn it feels good.

She said it here.

There’s so much about sex that feels good. Orgasms? Oh yeah, and woe betide those who arbitrarily decides they’re not necessary for their partners! But if the only point was orgasms then why would anyone ever bother with kissing?

It’s not a trick question. There are plenty of things that feel good about sex, sometimes very good, that don’t* make you come. Kissing is only the most obvious.

* Ok, ok, someone somewhere will always pipe in that THEY are able to come from activity X, Y, or Z. But while that’s obviously wonderful for them, if most people don’t come that way it doesn’t refute the point.

Echidne on the Construction of Essential Genderism (Body Hair Edition)

Echidne of the Snakes, riffing on anti-feminist angst over women’s armpits, says something deep and true about what the “shaving” wars say about the effort required to construct gender from the mostly-undifferentiated material of corporeal humanity.

I would love to stop discussing the “to shave or not” topic in feminist circles and to start focusing more on what the ridiculing opposition is really saying. Just think about it for a few seconds. Their message is that it is not nature that defines what a woman is, but they, the namers and deciders. And they have decided that a woman in this culture should be without body hair but with very large and perky breasts and basically no hips. It is not some historical or theological concept of womanliness but a purely cultural one, and it is based on the accentuation of gender differences, with a few cultural quirks thrown in.

I see an analogous case in the discussion about cognitive differences between men and women. The anti-feminist point is always to try to make women and men into two quite different species, two “opposite sexes” as the saying goes, whereas the evidence I’ve studied and my life experiences all suggest that men and women are like two overlapping Venn diagrams in almost everything. Partly different and partly the same. This messiness, like armpit hairs on women, is unacceptable to the patriarchal mind.

She said it here.

Once again it’s not that there are no differences between men and women. It’s that the real differences are enough. Oh yeah! And hooray for all of our respective orientations and our shouldn’t-be-surprising discernment of those we’re drawn to. By which I mean there are enough differences that it’s foolish, willful, conceited, and fundamentally insecure about or orientations and of those around us to require more than nature gives us.

And once again it’s not that there’s no need nor interest in decoration of ourselves, others, or our environs. Quite the opposite — decoration appears to be a fundamental quality of humanity!

But while referencing the expectation that we participate in gender construction, Echidne puts the problem in context (even more emphasis mine)

...we all know how a real man will not wear pink (in this culture and time period) or lace (in this culture and time period) or skirts (in this culture and time period).

Sticking with hair for the moment, the classic example being that in some cultures in the world today men can be punished for having a beard on the one hand (in most of the U.S. military, for instance) yet be punished for not having a beard in others (in most of Taliban-controlled Afghanistan and Pakistan, for instance.) Another being that for women to have no body hair is considered sexy in some parts of the world (white America for instance) because of its association with high-status femininity while in other parts of the world (white/European South America for instance) women’s body hair is associated with high-status femininity because “native” South American women are believed to have relatively sparse body hair.

In each case, in each culture, in each time, in each location, gender might be constructed, yeah. But if it’s constructed differently in different places…

Sigh.

You know what’s most peculiar of all? For roughly 99.999% of the .001% of cases where for whatever reason someone else’ biological sex really matters, but where for some reason you’re not able to tell, you can usually ask.

Odd Exception to Ingrained Male Cross-Gendered Role-Behavior Avoidance Reflex

Although I got over the practical problem years ago I still feel that reflexive self-consciousness when I hold or carry someone’s purse for them in public situations like crowded bars.

I noticed by its absence that I don’t have no trace of that reflex while holding or carrying two women’s purses in a crowded bar.

That is all.

If Expression of Oxytocin Genes is Influenced by Culture, What Impact Might Slut-Shaming Have on Bond Formation?

Ed Yong of Discover Magazine’s Not Exactly Rocket Science blog has… discouraging news for abstinence-loving social “biologists” who hang their hats on oxytocin as a reason women should be virgins until marriage and monogamous thereafter. A psychology researcher at UCSB, Heejung Kim, has some interesting preliminary results showing that the human oxytocin receptor gene (OXTR) doesn’t just vary in between genetically diverse people*, and not only does it sometimes produce opposite responses in genetically diverse people but, uh oh!, even among genetically homogenous people it can produce different results if they’re affected by different cultural upbringing! Definitely not what abstinence ‘wingers are going to want to hear.

(Emphasis mine.)

The OXTR gene exerts its influence against the background of these contrasting cultural conventions. Distressed Americans with one or more copies of the G version were more likely to seek emotional support from their friends, compared to those with two copies of the A version. But for the Koreans, the opposite was true – G carriers were less likely to look for support among their peers in times of need (although this particular trend was not statistically significant). In both cases, the G carriers were more sensitive to the social conventions of their own cultures. But the differences between these conventions led to different behaviour.

And in a further example of the influence of the environment, Kim only found this pattern among people who were experiencing a lot of stress. In the low stress group, she found that Americans were indeed more likely to seek emotional support than Koreans, but their OXTR gene had no bearing on their choices.

Of course, Koreans and Americans differ not just in their cultures, but in their genes (including many others beyond OXTR). To account for that, Kim also worked with a small group of 32 Korean-Americans who were born and raised in the US, but were genetically Korean. Kim found that the link between OXTR and emotional support among these volunteers was much closer to the culturally similar Americans than the genetically similar Koreans.

Read the quote in context here.

Never mind that the plain old biochemistry says no dice to the “oxytocin exhaustion” theory. And really never mind that there’s also genetic variation in homogenous populations. Those are old school, common sense refutations of the “oxytocin exhaustion” theory of abstinence.

Although it’s a small-scale study which requires much larger samples to verify, he new-school refutations implied by this study would be (duh!) that like a lot of other nominally “behavior-controlling” genes, culture influences expression.

Call it a wild-assed guess here but I’m… pretty confident that you wanted to conduct an experiment on cultural differentials on OXTR in the context of romantic-bond formation instead of socialization under stress I think you’d find that the effects of cultural slut-shaming is more detrimental to bond formation in women than is their number of actual partners.

Why Women's G-Spots Are Considered More Mysterious than Men's B-Spots (Never Heard of B-Spots? I Rest My Case.)

Via the authors of the NCBI ROFL Discover Blog, medical researchers used ultrasound to record the anatomy of penis-in-vagina intercourse. Their shocking conclusion?

We focused on the size of the clitoral bodies before and after coitus. Results. The coronal section demonstrated that the penis inflated the vagina and stretched the root of the clitoris that has consequently a very close relationship with the anterior vaginal wall. This could explain the pleasurable sensitivity of this anterior vaginal area called the G-spot. Conclusions. The clitoris and vagina must be seen as an anatomical and functional unit being activated by vaginal penetration during intercourse.”

Read the quote in context here.

It’s basically confirmation that the nominal controversy over the “g-spot” is more semantic than anatomical: there’s a spot. It might or might not be “the Gräfenberg Spot.” Or instead it could turn out to be something else in the same location that responds to stimulation in the same way that we just call the G-spot.

This might sound a bit like oversharing (although I think I haven’t been sharing enough lately) but it occurs to me that a big part of the controversy is that it’s considered a problem that 100% of women don’t respond to stimulation in the area. Except that a) it’s not considered a problem that some women don’t respond, or don’t respond “correctly” to stimulation of any number of other locations including direct contact with the external clitoral body. And also that b) it’s not considered a problem (in fact it doesn’t appear to be considered at all that different men respond best to stimulation of different parts of their genitals too.

The oversharing bit would be that I’m really only orgasmically sensitive in one spot on my penis. It’s about the size of a nickel about a quarter of the way down from the top. Other men are evidently sensitive in other areas. I know this because until they had the time to figure out how I worked other partners have tended to concentrate their attention on other spots — ones that worked for their own previous partners. The glans itself for some. The corona for others. The frenulum seems to be very popular. And one partner, who hadn’t had a lot of partners, was completely baffled when I asked her why she concentrated so much at the very base of my penis. Turns out that had been a holy-grail spot for her two previous partners.

Let’s call that last spot the male “B-Spot.” And do a bunch of MRIs, and electromyography, and write dozens of books, hundreds of articles, and thousands of blog posts and tweets about whether it does or doesn’t exist. Let’s spend a lot of energy demonstrating that anatomically there’s no special gland, duct, specialized tissue, or ganglia at that location that could possibly account for reports that it might in fact respond well to stimulation in some men. We can call the glans area the male “g-spot,” the corona the “c-spot,” the frenulum the “f-spot,” and my spot “the other f-spot” just to make it all sound more obfuscating. Oh, and for extra credit let’s spend a little time castigating men for either claiming they prefer stimulation in some of those spots. Or for instead claiming they don’t. I know, we’ll call them “immature,” or “repressed,” or “not in touch with their bodies,” or even thralls of penetrative ideology” if they can’t find theirs. Then let’s sell a bunch of books and videos demonstrating how men can “find” theirs. And finally we’ll create a whole ‘nother culture around saying how if they ever could find them they’d have mind-blowing orgasms instead of the perfectly lovely orgasms they already have.

Oh wait, no, for men it’s just one spot, “the penis,” and everybody knows all about that. Never mind that men’s “g-spot” is about the same number of centimeters distant from their “b-spots” as clitorises are from women’s “g-spots.” And if it doesn’t work the same way then they’re probably latent homosexuals if they prefer female partners, or maybe latently hetero if they prefer men.

Or we could just acknowledge that genitals, men’s and womens, are delightfully diverse puzzles for which there’s usually no “right” answer.

That’s how I like to read research like the one cited as “ROFL” whacky. And while I strongly agree with Sungold that we might want to keep electromyography (ouch!) to a minimum, I’d still like to see more rather than less interest in the ways all our different spots work.

Un-Selection Bias: A Lot of Sex Research Sounds Whacky Because We're Unwilling to Discuss (or Fund) it Seriously

Via Discover Magazine’s NCBI ROFL blog an Egyptian medical research team has a paper out called An electrophysiologic study of female ejaculation. Here’s the abstract ROFL cited

Opinions vary over whether female ejaculation exists or not. We investigated the hypothesis that female orgasm is not associated with ejaculation. Thirty-eight healthy women were studied. The study comprised of glans clitoris electrovibration with simultaneous recording of vaginal and uterine pressures as well as electromyography of corpus cavernous and ischio- and bulbo-cavernosus muscles. Glans clitoris electrovibration was continued until and throughout orgasm. Upon glans clitoris electrovibration, vaginal and uterine pressures as well as corpus cavernous electromyography diminished until a full erection occurred when the silent cavernosus muscles were activated. At orgasm, the electromyography of ischio-and bulbo-cavernosus muscles increased intermittently. The female orgasm was not associated with the appearance of fluid coming out of the vagina or urethra.

Read the abstract in context here.

Lest one imagine the researchers (led by the late Ali. A. Shafik of Cairo University) were singling out one sex for electromyographic scrutiny they’ve also published Electromyographic study of ejaculatory mechanism.

Cavernosus muscle (CM), seminal vesicle (SV) and vasal ampullary (VA) contractions at ejaculation are said to be reflex mechanisms (ejaculatory reflex), which have been scarcely dealt with in the literature. We investigated the hypothesis that contraction of the CMs, SVs and VA at ejaculation is a reflex action. The electromyographic (EMG) activity of CM, SV and VA during ejaculation was recorded in 28 healthy men. The test was repeated after separate anaesthetization of the glans penis (GP), CMs, SVs, and VA in the pre-ejaculatory period. Latent ejaculatory time (LET) was calculated. CMs showed no EMG activity until rigid erection phase was reached. SVs and VA exhibited resting EMG activity which increased gradually with different stages of erection. At ejaculation, CMs, SVs and VA showed two to four intermittent contractions. The mean LET was 1.3 +/- 0.2 sec. GP anaesthetization led to the disappearance of CM, SV and VA EMG activity at ejaculation, while bland gel did not affect EMG activity. CMs, SVs and VA when anaesthetized in the pre-ejaculatory period exhibited no EMG activity at ejaculation, while saline did not affect EMG activity. Increased EMG activity of CM, SV and VA apparently denotes increase in their contractile activity. CM, SV and VA contraction on GP stimulation and ejaculation are assumed to be reflex actions and are mediated through the ‘glans-cavernosovesicular reflex’ (GCVR) which presumably represents the ejaculatory reflex. Changes in LET or evoked response would indicate a defect in the reflex pathway. The GCVR might act as an investigative tool in diagnosing erectile dysfunction, provided further studies are performed in this respect.

Read the quote in context here.

And I might as well add that Shafik actually authored or co-authored an astonishing number of similar papers dealing with neuromuscular activity of the general pelvis, urogenital area, and lower intestinal tract.

Now when I saw the name it rang a bell and I realized Mary Roach had written about him in her (excellent) book about sex research, Bonk: The Curious Coupling of Science and Sex.

While Googling to confirm the connection (she did write about him) I ran across an interview of Roach by NPR’s Robert Siegel. Seigel approached the subject matter a little glibly, as mainstream types often feel obliged to do, and after a bit of mocking of Shafik’s self-funding, his seeming remoteness from western medicine (although he was often published in reputable peer-reviewed proctology, urology, andrology, and gynecology journals), and an admittedly goofy-sounding paper studying the effect of polyester on rat fertility, he asked Roach

SIEGEL: Well, after meeting people like Dr. Shafik in Cairo, and you and your husband taking part in a study with Dr. Dang in London and so many other interviews you report on on the book, then what do you come away, what’s the takeaway knowledge you have from having written “Bonk”?

And I think she just knocked the answer right out of the park (emphasis mine.)

MS. ROACH: Well, I think that one of the things that I’m left with is a lingering sense of surprise that there are still a good number of mysteries in the realm of sexual physiology.

You kind of have the sense – as a person who has sex, you figure, well, you know, it seems to work, what else do we need to know, which is kind of a ridiculous attitude. That would be like somebody saying to a person who’s studying, say, the esophageal sphincter, well, we all know how to eat, why do we need to study that?

SIEGEL: Mm-hmm.

MS. ROACH: So, I come against that all the time. People are saying, well, what’s the point of this research, you know? Tell me something I don’t know about sex. We don’t know, for example, the mechanisms of ejaculation, what the trigger is for that. And there’ve been all kinds of elaborate and quite frightening little studies that have been done in that realm, just any number of things that we really should still be looking into, and yet it’s very difficult for sex researchers to get funding for purely anatomical and physiological research these days.

She said it here.

The mild rebuke is well taken. The researchers Roach documented often are a little goofy, they usually are self-funded, they often are from seemingly-obscure parts of the world, and even when much of their work is actually credible when they’re cited in the mainstream press (whether by NPR or Discover Magazine) it’s their whackiest work that gets singled out rather than their more useful work.

I like her useful comparison of attitudes towards sex and food since I’m often taken by the analogies. If our social attitudes were reversed you really might be as difficult to get funding for credible research in the U.S. and western Europe. We might instead be subjected to knee-squeezingly embarrassed radio discussions of the swallowing reflex and other bodily functions above the belt.

Do we really need to know more about the electromyography of ischio-and bulbo-cavernosus muscles in women or the the ‘glans-cavernosovesicular reflex’ in men as it pertains to sexual arousal, orgasm, and/or ejaculation (male or female?) Why as a matter of fact we do.

Because, not to put too fine a point on it, laughing is not the only thing we enjoy doing while rolling on the floor.

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