teen pregnancy

One Possible Answer to the "Disappearing Boyfriend" Question: They Might Be Men, Not Boys

Summary: A brief history of teen pregnancy policy and how, long before I found this domain name, it motivated me to start blogging.

Actually I can answer part of my previous question, about whether the boyfriend is likely to disappear if his girlfriend becomes pregnant. In fact it was the second issue that made me decide to try to start a political blog, back when a domain name cost $1000 a year and a “blogging platform” meant Notepad.exe and copy of HTML for Dummies.

Again I can’t remember the source nor can I find my original notes (we’re talking mid-1990s here so they might by on a floppy disk somewhere) but…

At the time teen pregnancy rather than illegal immigration was the giant bugaboo of the right, and so of necessity of the left as well.

One data point that stood out for me was that when teenage girls become pregnant, or at least became pregnant back then, the father was overwhelmingly likely to be 10 years older than she was.

In other words the “boyfriend” wasn’t likely to be an actual boy at all!

Again, I don’t have my notes but I’m pretty sure that at least when it comes to teen pregnancy the disappearance of said “boy” friends is likely to be even more complicated.

Some years later, after domain prices and other barriers to creating websites had fallen, and, sad to say, after my original attempt at a straight-up political blog had perished in obscurity, while digging through a list of recently-expired domain names I stumbled across “realadultsex.com.” And snapped it up figuring I’d figure something to do with it. It wasn’t till a year or two after that that I finally decided to, well, start doing this!

Before all that, though, when I was just an obscure straight-up wannabe political blogger, I’d already decided that it wasn’t just a good idea to discourage sex between minors and adults, it would be good policy as well. My domain name has several meanings to me. That’s a big one.

At any rate, while I didn’t yet have much of the progressive and/or “sex-positive” and/or “3rd-wave feminist” vocabulary it seemed pretty clear to me that even if teenagers couldn’t be held accountable for teen pregnancy (a bit of a myth since, in fact, they’re often amazingly solemn in actual peer-to-peer relationships) then it might be a good idea to craft policies to reach impregnating adults instead of “slut-shaming” their juvenile partners.

As far as I know it’s still never been tried.

Where Do Disappearing Boyfriends Come From?

Summary: Are boyfriends really “most likely to disappear” when their partners become pregnant? Fact or cultural gender messaging? And who’s decision?

Echidne of the Snakes, while doing an otherwise pitch-perfect job of countering anti-choice slippery-slopery, hits one hypothetical that seems like it might be a flat note:

If she gets pregnant, the boyfriend most likely disappears…

She said it here.

Is this true? Are boyfriends most likely to disappear when their partner gets pregnant?

Just considering a second possiblity from the considerable range of reactions I’d think the boyfriend would be at least as likely to propose marriage as disappear.

Unless, of course, by “disappear” Echidne (who’s hypothetical involves underaged, underprivileged Salvadorians) means “murdered by the girl’s family members in an attempt to defend their family’s ‘honor.’” Which, come to think of it, maybe she does mean.

Based on my own peer-counseling experiences as a teenager in southern Appalachia before Roe v. Wade was handed down relationships involving pregnancy where generally much tighter between the boy and girl themselves than between their families. And when pregnancies were discovered it tended to be the families of both teens that created the separations. And enforced them. Against the wishes of either teenager.

Anyway, what’s your first, second or third-hand experience with this sort of thing? Are boys and/or men really “most likely to disappear when their partner gets pregnant?” I mean, maybe they are! Even though I don’t think so. I’m not going to trust my cultural messaging (which would be similar to Echidne’s) nor can I trust my own non-trivial but also not statistically significant anecdotal experience (which would be that disappearances aren’t “most likely” and when they do occur are often enforced rather than desired.) Instead I just really don’t know.

Which is why I’m asking.

—-

For the record the rest of Echidne’s post really is cool and well-worth a read.

Birth Mother Experience

Whatever you think about contraception, abortion, or adoption you probably want to read a guest post from an anonymous birth mother over at Milissa McEwan at Shakesville.

It’s pretty hard to decide where to begin excerpting, and besides you should probably just grab a box of tissues (for tears) and a leather strap (for gnashing your teeth in fury) and read it yourself. It’s very powerful. And, judging from comments, a real eye opener for a lot of people.

The upshot is that for all the useless blather coming out of the “pro-life,” pro-adoption community they — surprise! — don’t give a rat’s butt about birth mothers after they’ve “relinquished” their newborns. There’s virtually no support, no encouragement, and pretty much zero follow-up or acknowledgment. Despite considerable evidence that it’s… persistently and systemically traumatic. (Trivia: virtually all “counseling” begins, and ends, with reassurances that having “replacement babies” as soon as… you’re old enough to get married legally, of course… will make it all grand again. Trivia: Up to 60% of birth mothers never voluntarily become pregnant again.)

I completely understand why the “pro-life” side of the aisle keeps their lip zipped about this — if word got out rates of voluntary relinquishment would plummet. (Especially today when the stigma of keeping a child is so much lower and the support infrastructure for doing it is… relatively anyway… so well developed.) I’m sort of curious why it’s such a surprise on the progressive, pro-choice side of the fence though.

I can’t be the only person in the blogosphere who knows someone who’s surrendered a child to be raised by strangers, or to know the effect it’s had on them.

There’s certainly room in the world for adoption, and I know some darn solid parents who’ve been conscientious and clear as you can possibly be. And some rock-solid reasons why it’s sometimes not only necessary but a good idea. But adoption being superior for the birth mother (and father?) Especially considering all the hand-wringing about abortion? Once again, here’s that link.

Via Echidne.

See also:

Taking "Playing House" To Its (Il)logical Extreme


Photo by Flickr user HoldThatTiger. Used under a Creative Commons license.

Amanda Marcotte of Pandagon, riffing off a public interview with Alaska Governor Palin’s minor daughter, points to the basic contradiction of “abstinence-only” marketing, especially as it’s presented to girls.

In other words, it’s “obvious” that you shouldn’t take the greatest step in your life that fills it with joy and perfection and bliss and did I say perfection?  Getting pregnant at 17 will complete you, girls, so don’t do it!  That trifling boyfriend of yours will, the second you get pregnant, become so devoted to you that he’ll tattoo your name on his finger, and your mother will give you a year to plan the perfect wedding you’ve been encouraged to dream about since you could first turn a page in a bridal magazine.  Having a baby in high school is so fucking great, so girls, don’t do it!

Pardon me if I find the whole situation disingenuous.

Read the quote in context here.

What’s weird about this whole business to me is that in terms of reproductive topography it’s not even a bad idea in social-theory terms to encourage young people to a) have their own children while their parents are still young enough to provide in-home support and assistance and b) parents are themselves still young enough when their children go off on their own (to grandparent their own children’s children part-time!) that, still in their own 30s, they can then launch full-blown and reproductively-unencumbered careers, lives, etc. As opposed to, say, getting up a full head of steam career-wise and then… interrupting it to go “nuclear” (family) in your 30s and then try and get back off the parent track it in your 40s or 50s (or 60s as will be the case for me!)

And not to put too fine a point on it, with such a model it really wouldn’t matter as much if one or the other parent was a massive flake or not long-term, grow-old-together compatible because… there’d still be plenty of close supporting infrastructure, not only for, say, the abandoned father but also the interested-in-resuming-dating daughter.

I’m not saying that’s the best model, but it wouldn’t be the end of the world.** If that were the conservative model. Which it manifestly also isn’t.

Instead the model seems to be to trap children in these weird double-binds that result in a) high expectations, b) sense of personal failure, c) making poor interpersonal/partner choices that d) you’re then stuck with that result in…

e) What midwife and birth instructor Penny Simpkin rather hauntingly refers to as “the empty years” where, especially if you’re a “traditional” woman, your children are out of the home and you have, basically, nothing left to live for because all you were raised to believe in was being a stay-at-home mom or a work-yourself-to-death dad.

So, sort of like Marcotte, I’m thinking would be fine if they wanted to have it one way — teenagers really are fucked up by pregnancy if they’re not really ready — or fine the other — when you get pregnant we’ll lavish you with a wedding and tons of parental support. But trying to have it both ways — if you get pregnant you’re really fucked up but we’re going to lavish you with big wedding and tons of support — just… ruins it for everybody! The joy of sex. The joy of parenting. The joy of having a career. Even the joy of grandparenting!

[** It wouldn’t even be the end of the world population-increase-wise if everyone still limited themselves to two children. In fact as long as I’m speculating wildly I suspect a start-your-life-after-kids model would actually increase interest in smaller rather than larger families. —fl]

Effective Outreach Begins With Respect

Oh, and another excellent point by Andrea Zanin of Sex Geek — again specifically addressing ways for S&M community members to deal with abuse, but applicable way outside that single community.

2. Remember that submissives are not idiots. Anytime the idea of “protecting the poor helpless submissives / newbies” comes up, it makes my skin crawl. It is condescending and inaccurate to think that someone in the submissive or bottom role is any less likely to stand up for themselves than anyone else; any less likely to take proper precautions to protect themselves in the first place; and any less likely to know their limits, know how to defend themselves, and know how to make wise choices. They may be marginally more likely to find themselves in a vulnerable position within a scene, but this doesn’t make them airheads who can’t take a moment to think about relative risk and commonsense safety precautions.

She said it here.

What started out as just ferrying an out-of-town guest turned into an unexpected invitation to a dinner party the other night. One of the other guests was an MPA grad student who, among other things, spent a year as a caseworker working with traditionally underserved young, often undocumented women who were either pregnant or had very young children. She said the same thing I keep hearing over and over again from pretty much everybody who works with (instead of maybe tries to heroically “rescue”) new and prospective teen mothers.) Bottom line is same as Sexgeeks: they’re not idiots. In fact they’re often not just bright but very bright. To the extent there’s a problem it’s more often external to the young parents themselves.

Same with, oh, say, sex workers, undocumented immigrants, the impoverished, and other heavily “othered” demographics.

I might add that there are more than moral or ethical reasons for remembering that othered members of the “underclass” aren’t idiots, there are practical reasons as well. For instance they may not recognize themselves in our descriptions. They may resent our characterizations. And consequently they may not respond to our attempts at outreach… even, once burned, attempts that might actually be respectful and helpful.

Failure, Unfortunately, is Not Impossible

June Carbone, guest-blogging at Feminist Law Professors says

After dramatic successes in the nineties, teen births are rising and rising most, not for those who like the Palins have the resources to support their grandchildren, but for those families who cannot support the children they already have.

The figures had been heartening. Teen pregnancy and birth rates fell dramatically during the nineties. Between 1991 and 2005, overall teen pregnancies declined by thirty-four percent. The most promising news was the decline in teen births to the most vulnerable mothers. African-Americans experienced the steepest drops with a 42 percent decline among adolescents between the ages of 15 and 19 between 1991 and 2002, and an even greater decline (an astonishing 52%) among African American girls in the 15 to 17-year-old age group.

Abortions also fell during the same period, and commentators of the right (abstinence promotion) and left (contraception) competed to claim credit. The results are now in. John Santelli, in the American Journal of Public Health, reported that 86% of the drop in teen pregnancies were the result of more effective contraception; 14% from greater abstinence.

...

This progress, however, has not been maintained. Teen births have begun to edge back up.

Read the quote in context here.

Gee, do you think the 2005 law altering federal Medicaid subsidies that doubled and tripled contraceptive prices to student and low-income clinics is helping to decrease or accelerate this trend?

It’s very nice to have confirmation that sex education works. And to have confirmation that comprehensive sex-ed covering not abstinence, yes, but (evidently far more importantly effective) use of contraception works better than abstinence-only.

It’s not so great that we’ve started falling down on the job not only in sex education and, probably more important, availability of and encouragement to use contraception, but also in matters of boundary setting, establishment of self-worth, interpersonal negotiation, and personal responsibility for all parties. I mean, remember, while women alone become pregnant it takes a woman and a man to get pregnant. Therefore every unplanned, unwanted pregnancy isn’t a single failure (as virtually all abstinence-only and too many comprehensive programs tend to emphasis) it’s a double failure.

Make that a triple failure: by failing to take the matter seriously we adults are failing our children as well.

Funny How Adoption's Like That -- Adopting Grandparents, Part #23,517

So this evening I caught maybe the last 15 seconds of a public-radio story having something to do with a 14-year-old girl and her newborn daughter both in child-protective custody and… someone with a male name — the baby’s father? Her father? — on the lam. So that’s, like, literally all I know about it.

Except for one more thing. The last line mentioned that couples were coming forward with offers to adopt the baby, as if it was a good thing.

And it might have been. The 14-year-old mother might be in trouble herself. She and her infant might be in custody because the infant had been in jeopardy. That’s one of the consequences of knowing only a fragment of what could be a far more complex story.

But knowing no more than I did, it struck me as odd that couples were stepping forward to adopt the infant but not his or her mother.

And, again, maybe if I’d heard the story that would have made perfect sense. The mother could be in trouble with the law in her own right, she may have been an unsuitable mother as well as an unsuitable age, her health might be compromised… who knows.

So I won’t comment on that particular case…

But I wonder…

There are so many other very young girls who become pregnant, and so often (assuming she’s been prohibited from terminating the pregnancy or chooses to remain pregnant of her own free will) the assumed best thing is for her to give her baby up to one of those couples who are always so quick to volunteer. And maybe that often is the best bet… maybe it’s just a coincidence that those who long-ago surrendered their children of teen pregnancy are uniformly more wistful, more regretful than those who terminated their pregnancies instead. Maybe so.

And I don’t know, maybe the 14-year-old in the story, the one with all the couples lining up to “take” her baby should it be offered to them… or if not her then other girls like her…

Golly, maybe it would be nice if a few couples stepped forward and offered to adopt them both! Because goodness knows if someone, even a child, goes to all the trouble, the risk, the labor of having a child of her own, then would it be too much to ask to give her a home to raise her child in? I’d imagine quite a few have needed it.

And, I don’t know, I guess I’m also imagining that couples who look forward to adopting an infant child might not find it so tough to adopting an infant grandchild, and her young mother, instead.

I wonder if anyone’s offered in this case? My partner and I already have our hands full, and I can’t say without waking her to ask whether she’d consider adopting both rather than splitting parent and child. But after those few seconds of airtime I have to admit I’d think seriously about it, and I think other couples might as well.

I just wonder if its come up before and if so how it’s worked.

Need Help With Arithmetic For A Good Cause

Ok, so according to the (randomly Googled) National Campaign to Prevent Teen and Unplanned Pregnancy roughly one out of three teenage girls become pregnant before age 20.

And according to The U.S. Census Bureau, in 2006 there were roughly forty million girls under the age of 20.

Put it all together and, at least at projected rates, thirteen million of them will be, have been or currently are pregnant.

The teen pregnancy group also says birth rates for U.S. girls age 15-19 rose to 41.9 per 1000 in 2006. The U.S. Census says there were roughly 10,389,322 U.S. girls age 15-19. Put it all together and 435,300 teenage girls gave birth this year.

One of them has a TV show and cut a million-dollar deal with a “celebrity” gossip magazine to talk about it. At that rate, if the “celebrity” gossip magazine wanted to get each pregnant teenager’s story it would have to pay what? $43.5 billion? Something like that anyway. But I digress.

The partner of the soon-to-be-millionaire pregnant child is himself a legal adult.

The partners of nearly all the other 435,299 girls 15-19 who gave birth this year were adults as well.

Social conservatives, “traditional values” activists, and anti-feminists all believe it’s the 15-19-year-old girl’s fault they got pregnant. Rather than their 18-67-year-old partner’s fault because…

...um

...you can’t expect grownups to act responsibly?

...if you were a man you’d tap that too?

...you can’t blame men because they have sex drives but girls never get horny and therefore have sex only after careful consideration?

...we go to all that trouble to spend $143,000,000 on abstinence-only curriculum that focus almost entirely on girls without wasting so much as a penny of it on education for boys and therefore we expect girls to be a little more grateful?

...they’re sluts?

First do mitigation of risk

Amanda Marcotte of Pandagon, speaking of a recurring complaint about hormonal contraception, puts the issue into a perspective that was very, very common back in the days before Roe v. Wade that we seem a little more confused about…

[T]he real side effects of the pill have a genuine benefit over the alternative. (Remember: Forefront of mine. We’re talking about the option between pill and pregnancy, not just pill and not-pill.) Minor weight gain is a highly touted side effect of the pill,* but major weight gain is a side effect of pregnancy. But even if you suffer really severe consequences, you can get un-pilled pretty rapidly by not taking them. To un-pregnant yourself, you have to engage in an invasive medical procedure and/or wait nine months to push out a baby in a manner that’s hard on fully grown women, and much, much harder on younger women. What bothers me about a lot of the hand-wringing over the pill from women who’ve experienced side effects is how condescending it is to the rest of us, like we’re too damn stupid to understand what they figured out, which is that if the pill starts to bother you, you have the option to go back to the doctor and either change prescriptions or change methods. The notion that taking the pill once locks you into a lifetime of it is insulting. You don’t see that kind of, “Oh my god what will you do if you have side effects? Surely you can’t go back to the doctor and manage the side effects!”-type thinking with any other drug. The lurking sense that side effects is a biological punishment for slatternly behavior is hard to scrub off.

She says it here.

“...the option between pill and pregnancy, not just pill and not-pill…” You know, I talk a lot about how back then it was “a whole ‘nuther world“ back in the 1960s and early 1970s. But different doesn’t automatically mean worse. I wouldn’t go back to the era of Nixon and Bobby Riggs and “You’ve come a long way, baby” on a bet, but back then we were drilled on what would now be called risk abatement or mitigation of risk in a way that’s obviously still out there but also obviously (or Marcotte wouldn’t be so testy about having to bring it back up) the consideration that the pill trumps abortion which in turn also trumps pregnancy to term.

Marcotte’s also delves deeply into current and traditional antipathies to the pill as they relate to self-determination. Like it or not (and all right-thinking people obviously don’t) the pill is opposed because male cooperation is not required.

A girl that’s having sex at a too-young age has a vanishingly small chance of having the personal power to negotiate the condom. Period. So if you limit girls this young to only a male-controlled birth control option, many to most will simply go without, afraid to say no to unprotected sex.

...

...we have every reason to believe that young men who are highly interested in having complete control in a relationship are drawn to very young, vulnerable, easy-to-control young women…

Birth control pills are easy to hide, and only the most egregiously monitored girl or woman can’t get away for the two minutes it takes to palm a pill and then swallow it with water. The same can’t be said at all about condoms, or diaphrams, or withdrawal, or — even though I think it’s great — vasectomies, all of which require male cooperation.

I still passionately believe in discreet, reliable contraception for every individual who is or (and this is a big one) might possibly be sexually active voluntarily or (another big one) involuntarily, and I believe it’s equally critical for both women and men. Because nobody should be forced to trust anyone else when it comes to something as fundamental as reproductive choice. But I also have to acknowledge that whereas condoms are wonderful contraceptives and still the gold standard for disease prevention they only work as well as the partner who’s willing to use it in good faith. The pill? You don’t have to trust anybody else. Which, sadly, is sometimes the least worst we can get.

Contrarian sex education detail

One of the laught-out-loud lines in the Midwestern Teen Sex Show “bonus outtakes/bloopers” podcast — you have to take a survey to see it though where Britney Barber, acting in deadpan-teenager character, says

“I realized when I was fourteen if I wanted t’start havin’ babies I had t’start havin’ sex.”

I’m not sure why but back when I was in high school that would have been a great direct way to get the point across that no, really… really you get pregnant from sex.

Not sure why. But although everybody knew it a lot of the time (at least for me as a volunteer peer counselor) it seemed like an awful lot of people thought that meant “except me,” and “except this once.”

Anyway, it’s also worth pointing out the recent study that says [*] that when, say, safety advocate’s literature includes a list of “don’ts,” a month later maybe 50% of those who read it remember it *without the “don’t!” (Example, if a safety brochure says “Don’t stick your finger in the fan” people will remember something about “stick your finger in the fan!!”)

Other studies strongly suggest that affirmative, um, affirmations are much more effective in the long run than restrictive ones. Example: people remember “do this if you want that” way, way, way better than “don’t do this if you don’t want that.”

Which, when you think about it, is what we’re doing when we say “Don’t have sex if you don’t want don’t want to get pregnant.” Right?

I dunno. I just know that since most 14-year-olds don’t want to start having babies, and while (not being an irresponsible idiot) I’d only say such a thing inside a well-structured and well-implemented sex-education context, I think saying something as starkly direct as “if you want to having babies you’re going to have to start having intercourse” might plant the notion in a whole ‘nother, far less complicated part of the average 14-year-old’s brain.

Now true, as my blog title hints I actually love the idea of young people waiting till they’re old enough to be ready for sex with people their own age, but connecting (non-barrier penis-in-vagina) sex with pregnancy isn’t about encouraging early abstienence. Or at least not primarily about that. Instead it’s about building intrinsic, internal links so that motivation to include sex safety follows from what we know instead of what we’re merely told to remember.

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